!% Fields: english/=/lojban * sequence, x1 [ordered set] is sequence-d/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * sequence, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. purci for time sequence) /=/ lidne (li'e) * sequenced, x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * serial (of an ordered set), x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * serious, x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) * serpent, x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ since * serum, x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku * servant, x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) * serve on a jury, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * serve, x1 (agent) serve-s x2 with serve-ice x3 (activity); x1 is a serve-ant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) * serves (provides service), x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) * service (deserving of reward/payment), x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * service (food service bed), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * service (provided by a server/servant), x3 of: x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) * service (something traded), x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) * service (service resulting in debt), x4 of: x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) * service (service sold), x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) % service, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * services (taxed services), x2 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * services (services invoiced for), x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) * services (services paid for), x4 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * serving (of a restaurant), x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta * serving (of a tavern/pub), x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja * sets (places on/at), x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) * sets (sets an example,sets a pattern), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide: it sets a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * sets (sets to do, triggers), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * sets an example, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * severe, x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] /:/ /=/ jursa (jus) * sew, x1 sew-s/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) * sews, x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) * sexual intercourse, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) * sexual orientation, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual orientation/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * sexuality (exhibited behavior), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * sexy, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * shade, x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) * shadow, x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) * shaft (shaft of a key), x3 of: x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) * shake, x1 shake-s/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * shakes, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * shallow (of a shoal), x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa * shallow (of a tray/flat container), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * shallow (reduced extent away from a point), x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ caxno (cax) * shallow (shallow container), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * shape, x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. te marji for physical shape) /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * shared (allocated), x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * shares (portions of a distribution), x2 of: x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * sharing (of a nation/ethnos), x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) * sharing (of a transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * sharks, x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) * sharp (keen), x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2 /:/ /=/ kinli (kil) * sharp (knee/elbow as metaphor for sharp bend/curve), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) * sharply changes, x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) * sharply disagreeable, x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki * shatters (non-agentive), x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * shawl, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * she, x1 is a she/female/doe of species x2 evidencing female trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) * she, x1/she is a woman/women/she; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily she] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) * shears, x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci * sheep, x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) * sheet (flat container), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * sheet (foil/2-dimensional shape), x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) * sheet of paper, x1 is paper from source x2 /:/ [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) * shelf (balcony/ledge), x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni * shelf (counter/bar) x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna * shell (husk), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) * shell (shell of a nut), x3 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) * shelled (of a nut), x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) * shellfish, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) * shelter, x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) * sheltering (of a cover), x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) * shelters (of a roof/lid), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi /=/ drudi (rud dru) * shield, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * shielding (umbrella/parasol), x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa * shining, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * ship, x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) % shirt, x1 is a woman's shirt/blouse /=/ nimcreka * shirt, x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) * shit (derogative expression), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit] /=/ mabla (mal) * shit (feces), x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci * shit (possessions), x2 of: x1 possesses/owns/has possessions/shit x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * shit (waste products), x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) * shoal, x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa * shock, x1 (event) shock-s/stuns x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) * shocks, x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) * shoe, x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) * shoots, x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * shop, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * shopping center, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * shops, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * shoreline (shoreline of a bay), x2 of: x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 /:/ /=/ zbani * short (young: relatively short in duration), x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) * short (short in dimension), x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 /:/ /=/ tordu (tor to'u) * short (short in smallest direction: thin), x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] /:/ /=/ cinla * short, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) * shortening, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne * shot (shot pellets), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * shoulder, x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) * shove, x1 [agent] shove-s/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shove-ing (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * shovel, x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) * shoves, x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * shoving (move by shoving), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * show (movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film/show about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * show (television programming), x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * show (television show), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * show, x1 (agent) show-s/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 show-s that x2, x1 show-s off x2; show-ing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the show-n object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) * showers, x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) * showing (of a chart/map), x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) * showing (of a label/tag), x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 /:/ /=/ tcita * showing (of an illustration), x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * shows (displays), x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) * shows (shows audacity), x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi * shrapnel (shrapnel resulting from explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into shrapnel/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) * shriek, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * shrine, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * shudders, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * shuns, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * shut, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * sibling, x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) * siblings, x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne * sick, x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) * side (east side), x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stuna (sun) * side (lateral), x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 /:/ (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle, which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2) /=/ mlana (mla) * side (left side), x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) * side (north side), x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ berti (ber) * side (on the other side, beyond boundary), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * side (on the other side, directly across gap), x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * side (point-of-view), x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) * side (right side), x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu * side (south side), x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) * side (surface), x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) * side (west side), x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stici (sic) * side (side of a portal/barrier passed through), x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * side to side (oscillates), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * side to side (shakes), x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * sides (sides of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * sides (sides of a partition/wall/gap), x1 and x2 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * sides (sides of a regular polygon/polyhedron), x3 of: x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) * sides (sides of a wall/fence), x2 and x3 of: x1 is a wall/fence separating sides x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) * sieve, x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) * sight, x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) * sign, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * signal, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * significant (important), x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) * significant (meaningful: of a sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * significant (most significant: main), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * signifies, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * signifying, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * silent, x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) * silk, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) * silky, x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) * silly, x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) * silver, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) * simian, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani * similar (alike), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) * similar (paralleling), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * simple (easy), x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) * simple (pure), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) * simple (uncomplicated), x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ sampu (sap) * simply (purely, unmitigatedly), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) * simply (superlatively), x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) * simultaneous with, x1 or x2 of: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) * sin, x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) * sine, x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle x2 /:/ /=/ sinso * sing harmony, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * sing, x1 sing-s/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * singing (as a means of producing music: event), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * single-valued mapping, x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu * single-valued, x1 is a function/single-single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu * sings, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * sink (deep), x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) * sink (shallow), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * sires, x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * sister, x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) * sit, x1 sit-s [assumes sit-ting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) * site (inalienable location of some thing/event), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) * site (site of a lake/pool), x2 of: x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) * site (site of a supply), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * site, x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near site x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) * sits, x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) * sitting (place for sitting: chair), x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) * sitting position, x1 sits [assumes sitting position position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) * situation (inalienable position/situation), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) * situation (potentially temporary circumstances), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * situation (situation associated with loss), x3 of: x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) * situation (situation generating problem), x3 of: x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) * situation (situation governed by ethical/moral standard), x3 of: x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * situation (situation matched by correct/proper corollary), x3 of: x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) * situation (situation provoking fatigue), x2 of: x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) * situation (situation responded to), x2 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * size (size grown to), x2 of: x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) * size (size of a side of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * size (size of nail), x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka/ni), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) * size (size of screw frame), x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) * skate, x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * skater (skater using skates), x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * skeleton (bones), x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) * skeleton (supporting frame), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) * skeptic, x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptic-al/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) * skeptical, x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) * ski, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * ski, x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * skid, x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * skier, x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * skill (art or process, craft), x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) * skill (talent), x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati * skill, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess/skill/expertise in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * skilled, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * skills, x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) * skin (crust), x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) * skin (hide), x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) * skirt, x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci * skirted (garment open at the bottom), x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci * skirts (avoids), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * skull, x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] /:/ [skull (= sedbo'u)] /=/ stedu (sed) * sky, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * sky, x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) * slacks, x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) * slanted, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * slaughter, x1 (agent) kills/slaughter-s/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra * slaughters, x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra * Slavic, x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ slovo (lov lo'o) * sled, x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * sleep, x1 is a-sleep (adjective); x1 sleep-s/is sleep-ing /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) * sleeping, x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) * sleeps, x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) * sleet, x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu * sleeve, x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) * slice, x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) * slick, x2 of: x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * slide, x1 slide-s/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * slides, x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * sliding (of a drawer), x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) * slip, x1 slides/slip-s/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slip-pery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * slippery, x2 of: x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * slips, x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) * slope, x1 is slope-d/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * sloped, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * slow (not fast), x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ masno (sno) * slow (use a brake), x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * sluggish, x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ masno (sno) * slurry, x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * small (of a card), x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda * small (of a drop), x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) * small (of a fly/flying insect), x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ sfani * small (relatively small), x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 /:/ /=/ cmalu (cma) * small fowl, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci * smallest (of a quantum), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) * smashes, x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) * smell, x1 (experiencer) smell-s/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smell-s/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne * smell, x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) * smells (detects odor), x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne * smells (emits odor), x2 of: x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne * smile (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 laughs (emotional expression) /:/ [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)] /=/ cmila (mi'a) * smile, x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) /:/ [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma * smiles, x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) /:/ [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma * smog, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) * smokable (substance in a cigar/cigarette), x2 of: x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) * smoke, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) * smooth (of a brow/forehead), x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) * smooth (planar), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) * smooth (smooth in texture), x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) * smooth-textured (of paste/mud/dough), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * snail, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) * snake, x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ since * snaps, x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) * sneeze, x1 sneeze-s (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ senci (sec) * sneezes, x1 sneezes (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ senci (sec) * snow, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow /:/ /=/ snime (si'e) * snug, x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ tagji (tag) * soak (up), x1 soak-s up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) * soaks up, x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) * soap, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ zbabu (bab) * sociable, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * social, x1 interacts/behaves social-ly with x2; x1 social-izes with/is social-ble towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * socialize, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socialize-izes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * socializes, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * socially, (pertaining to events of socializing), nu of: x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ [nu is socialize (= nunjikca)] /=/ jikca (jik) * socially, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * society (society recognizing nobility), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * sock, x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) * soda (sodium, alkali salt), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna * soda, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) * sodium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna * sofa, x1 is a sofa/couch [noun] /:/ /=/ sfofa (sfo) * soft (metaphor: soft heavy metal), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) * soft (silky smooth), x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) * soft (wax, moldable when warm), x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also paraffin] /=/ lakse (lak) * soft (yielding), x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ranti (ran) * soft (soft, dense, form), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci * soft (soft, moist, solid), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * soil (contaminant cleansed), x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) * soil (earth), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) * solar, x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) * soldier (a person in a regimented organization), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * soldier (warrior in an army), x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) * solely (purely), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) * solemn, x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) * solicit, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * solicits, x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) * solid (melting solid), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * solid (moist solid), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * solid (non-metallic solid), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) * solid (of a table top), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) * solid (state of matter), x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ sligu (lig) * solid (suspensible solid), x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) * solid (solid and spreadable, buttery, of fats), x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne * solid angle, x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional solid angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) * solid angle, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) * solid door, x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) * solid precipitation, x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu * solidifies, x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) * solution (answer to a problem), x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) * solution (result of dissolving), x3 of: x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta * solvent, x2 of: x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta * something else, x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) * something thrown (catch something thrown), x2 of: x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * somewhat, x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) * son (begotten son), x1 engenders/begets child (son/daughter) x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * son (parented son), x1 is a parent of/raises son/daughter x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * son, x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) * song (performed music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * song (sung or chanted), x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * sorcery, x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) * sorghum, x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sorgu (sog) * sororal, x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) * sorrel grass, x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) * sorrow (feels sorrow), x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) * sorry (feels regret), x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * sorry (feels sorry for/pities), x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) * soul, x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) * sound (cry/yell/howl), x2 of: x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) * sound (vibratory wave phenomenon), x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) * sound (voice/speech sound), x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) * sound (whistling sound), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) * sound (sound produced by bell/chime), x2 of: x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * sound (sound produced verbally), x2 of: x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) * sound correspondence (defining a rhyme/alliteration), x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * sounds (animal sounds), x2 of: x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * sounds (produces sound), x2 of: x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) * sounds (song/melodic sounds), x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * soup, x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu * sour, x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 /:/ /=/ slari (sar) * source (source of carried materials), x4 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from source x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * source, x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) * sources (origins of gathering elements), x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from sources x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) * South American, x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) * south, x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) * southern, x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) * sovereign, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * sovereignty, x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) * Soviet, x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR [Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) * sow, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * sow, x1 sow-s/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) * sows, x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) * soya, x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sobde (sob so'e) * space (at-least-3-dimensional volume), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) * space (outer space), x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) * space (territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) * space (space having dimensions), x2 of: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 /:/ /=/ cimde * space (space/gap between/separating), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/space/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone)] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * spade, x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) * Spain, x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) * span (bridge), x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) * span (last), x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) * span, x1 ranges/extends/span-s/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * Spanish (pertaining to Spain or Spanish-speaking culture), x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) * Spanish (pertaining to Spanish-speaking America), x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) * spank (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * spans, x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * sparkling, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * speaks (converses), x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * speaks (utters verbally), x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) * special (extraordinary, impressive), x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) * special (specific), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * specialized, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * specie, x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) * species, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * specific, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * specifically associated with, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly associated with/specifically associated with]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * specifying (of a law), x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) * specimen, x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) * speech sound, x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) * speed (speed of wind), x3 of: x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) * sperm, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * sphere (ball), x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) * sphere (domain of a universe), x2 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * sphere (sphere of authority), x2 of: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) * sphere (sphere of dominion of a deity), x3 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) * spherical, x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) * sphincter, x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band/sphincter around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ /=/ karli * spice, x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi * spicy, x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * spider, x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) * spin (as a basis for pseudogravity), x4 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) * spindle, x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) * spine (as a column of bones), x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju * spine (pertaining to the back side), x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * spiral, x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu * spirit, x1 is spirit-ual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) * spirits (liquor), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2 /:/ /=/ jikru * spiritual, x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) * spit, x1 spit-s/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * spits, x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * spittle (something expectorated), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * splendor, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) * splinters, x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * splits (cuts through), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) * splits (fractures), x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * sponge, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje * spontaneous, x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) /:/ /=/ rarna (rar) * spoon, x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ smuci (muc) * spore, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * spot (inalienable location), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) * spot (mark, markings), x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) * spots (notices/senses), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * spouse, x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) * spread, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * spread, x1 spread-s/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) * spreadable (spreadable fat), x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne * spreads, x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) * spring, x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ jinto * spring, x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) * springs (jumps), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * springtime, x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) * springy, (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy /:/ /=/ pruni (pun) * sputum (expectorated substance), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * squad, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * square, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * squash, x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) * squashes, x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) * stab, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stab-s/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) * stable, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * stabs, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) * stack, x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) * staff, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) * stag, x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli * stage (platform/dais), x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) * stage (potentially temporary circumstance), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/stage/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * stage (stage at which sudden change occurs), x2 of: x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) * stage (stage requiring necessity), x3 of: x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) * stages (stages of a process), x4 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * stages (stages of evolution), x4 of: x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) * stairs, x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) * stairway, x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) * stalk, x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani * stalks, x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) * stalky (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi * stallion, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) * stalls (shops in a marketplace), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * stamen, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * stand (pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) * stand (stand argued against), x2 of: x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * stand (stand argued for), x2 of: x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * stand, x1 stand-s [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is stand-ing; x1 stand-s up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * standard (standard for length), x3 of: x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 /:/ /=/ clani (cla) * standard (standard for shortness), x3 of: x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 /:/ /=/ tordu (tor to'u) * standards (moral/ethical standards), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * standing, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * stands, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * stands-in, x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * staple (most important), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * star, x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) * starch, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ jalna * starchy root (edible), x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu * start (origin/source), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) * start (start of a leap, x3 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from start x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like start] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * starting (starting after a wait/pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * starting point (of a route/course), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to destination x2 from starting point x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/starting point, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * starting point (starting point of fall), x3 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from starting point x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) * starting time (starting time of an interval), x2 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from starting time/time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) * startles, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) * starts (commences), x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) * starts before, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts before (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts before (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * state (polity governing territory), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) * state (potentially temporary circumstance), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * stately, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) * statement (statement cited/quoted), x3 of: x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) * statement, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * states (asserts), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * states (sequence of oscillatory states), x3 of: x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * station (node in system/network), x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana * station (radio frequency of broadcast), x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * statistic, x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni * stay, x1 remains/stay-s at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) * stays (remains), x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) * stays away from, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * steadfast, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * steady, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * steel, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ gasta (gat) * steep, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * steer, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * steering committee, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * stellar (of a star), x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2; (adjective:) x1 is stellar /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) * stellar (of the properties of a star), x2 of: x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) * stem (prickly-stem-med plant), x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) * stem (stalk, trunk), x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani * step, x1 step-s/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) * steps (stages of a process), x4 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * steps (stairs), x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) * steps (treads on), x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) * steradian, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) * stew, x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu * stick, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) * sticks, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) * sticky, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) * stiff, x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa * still, x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) * stimulant (immune-system stimulant), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku * stimulate (attempt to stimulate), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * stimulates (of a pencil/stylus making marks), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * stimulates (of a stimulus), x3 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * stimulates (stimulates senses), x2 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * stimulus (answered stimulus), x2 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * stimulus (stimulus not provoking change), x3 of: x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * stimulus (stimulus property noticed), x2 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * stimulus (stimulus provoking reaction), x3 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * stir, x1 (object, or event: force) stir-s/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stir-ring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * stirring (agentive stirring), x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * stirs, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * stitches, x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) * stocking, x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) * stomach, x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) * stone (polished stone/gem), x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) * stone (rock), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ rokci (rok ro'i) * stone (stone used as projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * stool, x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) * stops (halts/ceases), x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) * stops (interrupts), x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) * stops (of a thing/process at its end/termination), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * stops (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta * storage medium (something written/inscribed upon), x3 of: x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) * store (market), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * store, x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * stored (of material in storage), x2 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * story (myth/legend), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) * story (tale/narrative), x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * story (work of fiction), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) * story (story of a building), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) * storyteller, x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * stout, x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] /:/ [also stout] /=/ rotsu (rot tsu ro'u) * straight (direct/straight line), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) * straight (honest/revealing), x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) * straight up and down, x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) * strained (taut), x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati * strainer, x3 of: x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci * strains, x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci * strands, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) * strange, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) * stratum, x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) * stream (current/flow), x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) * stream (jet), x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 /:/ /=/ jetce (je'e) * street, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * stress (emphasis), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna * stressed (anguished), x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) * stretch, x1 stretch-es/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * stretches, x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * strides, x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) * strikes, x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) * striking (of lightning), x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) * stringed (musical instrument), x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) * strip, x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) * stripe, x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) * stripes (of the pattern of a tiger's coat), x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu * stroke, x1 (agent) stroke-s/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) * strokes, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) * strong (iron as metaphor for strong), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) * strong (powerful), x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) * strongly associated, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly associated/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * structure (arrangement/organization), x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) * structure (frame/skeleton), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) * structure (language structure governed by grammar), x3 of: x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) * structure (structure containing drawers), x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) * structure (structure containing stairs), x2 of: x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) * structure (structure having layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) * structure (structure having rooms), x2 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * structure (structure having walls), x4 of: x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) * structure (structure having windows), x2 of: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) * structure (structure of a pattern), x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) * structure (structure of a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * structure (structure represented in a plan), x3 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * structure (structure with a balcony), x2 of: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni * structure (structure with doorway/access way), x4 of: x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) * structure word, x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) * structures, x1 organizes/structures x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * struggle (struggle having neutral parties), x2 of: x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) * struggle (struggle having opponents), x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi * struggles, x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) * stubborn, x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu * student, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) * studies, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) * study, x1 study-es/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) * stuff, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuff-ed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * stuff, x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material] /=/ marji (maj mai) * stuffed, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * stuffs, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * stuns, x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) * style, x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * stylus, x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * subgroup, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) % subject, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * subjects (subjects of ruler/governor), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * submerged, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) * subordinate, x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * subset (category/subgroup), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * subset (subset defined by property specific to members), x2 of: x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * subspecies, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * substance (chemical substance), x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) * substance (substance occurring in pieces/chunks), x2 of: x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) * substance, x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ molro (mo'o) * substitute (replacement), x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * substitute (sugar substitute), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * substitutes, x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * substrate (that which is joined/fastened to), x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * substrate medium (substrate medium stimulated by a pencil/stylus), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * subtended, x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * subtle, x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) * subtracts, x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * subunit, x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) * subunits (monetary subunits), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) * subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli * subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) * subunits, x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu * suburb, x1 is a suburb-an area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu * suburban, x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu * subway (= tu'unre'e), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway, metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * succeed (come after in time sequence), x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * succeed, x1 [agent] succeed-s in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * succeeds, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * successful, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * successfully cure, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) * successor, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * suck, x1 suck-s/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) * sucks up (absorbs), x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) * sucks, x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) * sucrose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * suction, x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) * sudden (sharply changing), x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) * sudden (unexpected), x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) * sudden (sudden violent motion: whipping), x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) * suds, x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) * suffice, x1 (object) suffice-s/is enough/suffice-ient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) * suffices, x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) * sufficient (enough), x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) * sufficient condition, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * suffix, x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) * sugar, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * sugary, x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) * suggest (suggest a belief/observation, seem), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) * suggest, x1 (agent) suggest-s/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggest-s/is suggest-ive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) * suggestive (of an event that suggests), x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) * suggests (guides), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * suggests (proposes), x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) * suits, x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) * sulfur, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri * sum, x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) * summer, x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) * summertime, x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) * summit, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) * sun, x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) * sun, x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) * superlative, x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) * supernatural, x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) * supplicate, x1 begs/pleads/supplicate-s/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * supplicates, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * supplies, x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) * supply (material provided), x2 of: x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) * supply (store/reserve), x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * support (frame for tines of a fork), x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) * support (metaphorical of buttocks/seat), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * support (metaphorical of stalk/stem), x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani * support (support for an umbrella), x5 of: x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by support x5 /:/ /=/ santa * support (support for shelf/bar), x2 of: x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to support x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna * support (support for standing), x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * support (support of marking material in a pencil/stylus), x3 of: x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * support, x1 support-s/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * supported (of a table), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) * supported (of an umbrella), x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa * supported (of something standing), x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * supporting (metaphorical of leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) * supporting (metaphorical of roots), x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) * supporting (metaphorical of wing), x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] /:/ /=/ nalci (na'i) * supporting (of a base/pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) * supporting (of a bed), x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) * supporting (of a platform/stage), x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) * supporting (of a rail), x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) * supporting (of skis/runners), x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * supporting (supporting force lifting), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) * supporting (supporting growth/development: fertile), x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) * supporting (supporting object/structure for a bar/counter), x2 of: x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object/structure x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna * supporting (supporting structure/frame), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) * supporting combustion (metaphorical of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting combustion/supporting life] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) * supporting life (metaphorical of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/supporting combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) * supports, x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * supposes, x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) * sure, x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) * surface, x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) * surfaces (grinding surfaces), x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) * surfaces (surfaces of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * surfaces (surfaces of a regular polyhedron), x3 of: x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) * surmise, x1 guesses/conjectures/surmise-s x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi * surmises, x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi * surprise, x1 (event/action abstract) surprise-s/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) * surprises, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) * surrender, x1 yields/gives way/surrender-s to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) * surrenders, x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) * surround, x1 encircles/encloses/is surround-ing x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * surrounded (room surrounded by walls), x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * surrounding (encircling), x2 of: x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * surrounding (of a ring/collar/belt), x2 of: x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * surrounding (surrounding material of a drop), x3 of: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) * surroundings (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) * surroundings (surroundings of an island), x3 of: x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) * survive, x1 survive-s/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) * survives, x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) * suspend, x1 hangs/dangles/is suspend-ed from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) * suspended, x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) * suspensible solid, x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) * suspension (result of dissolution), x3 of: x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta * suspension, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/suspension/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * sutures, x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) * swallow (engulf), x1 gulps/swallow-s /:/ [x1 swallow-s down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) * swallows, x1 gulps/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) * sweat (noun), x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne * sweat (verb), x2 or x3 of: x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3; x2 sweat-s x1; x3 sweat-s x1 /:/ /=/ xasne * sweater, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * sweet (having sweet flavor), x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) * sweet (of sugar), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * sweetmeat, x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 /:/ [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] /=/ rango (rag) * swelling, x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) * swift, x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) * swim, x1 (agent) swim-s in fluid x2 /:/ /=/ limna (lim) * swims, x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2 /:/ /=/ limna (lim) * swine, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * swiss cheese, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, swiss cheese cheese] /=/ panje * swollen (excessively plump), x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana * swollen (having a swelling), x2 of: x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) * swoop, x1 dives/swoop-s [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) * swoops, x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) * syllable, x1 is a syllable in language x2 /:/ /=/ slaka * symbol (letter/digit), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * symbol (punctuation symbol), x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) * symbol (sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) % symbol, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4 /:/ /=/ togle'u * symbolic (of a letter), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * symbolizing (of a flag), x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci * symbolizing (of a symbolic plant), x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna * symptoms (of an illness), x2 of: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) * synagogue, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * synergistic, x1 or x3 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * syntactic effect (syntactic effect of punctuation), x4 of: x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic effect/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) * synthesizer (keyboard musical instrument), x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) * Syrian, x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sirxo (six) * syringe, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * system, x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) % system, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4 /:/ /=/ togle'u * systemic (of a system), x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties; (adjective:) systemic] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * systemic (systemic functions/properties), x4 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * table, x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) * tablespoon, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * taboo, x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) * tack, x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) * tag, x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) * tag, x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 /:/ /=/ tcita * tail, x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) * take (care of), x1 take-s-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * take a bath, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) * take a photograph, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photograph (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * take, x1 take-s/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * takes (borrows), x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * takes (seizes/obtains), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * takes away, x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * takes care of, x1 takes care of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * takes leave, x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * takes place, x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) * takes revenge on, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * takes revenge, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * taking action, x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) * tale (fairy tale), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) * tale (story), x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * talent (capability), x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) * talent (innate skill), x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati * talk, x1 talk-s/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * talk, x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) % talking, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * talks, x1 discusses/talks about topic/subject x2 /:/ /=/ casnu (snu) * talks, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * talon, x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) * tame, (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed /:/ [tame (= tolcilce)] /=/ cilce (cic) * tan, x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) * tangent (trigonometry), x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle x2 /:/ /=/ tanjo * tangle, x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) * tangled (of something complex), x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) * Taoist, x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dadjo (daj) * tape, x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) * tapioca, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu * tar, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 /:/ /=/ tarla * target (of a route/course), x2 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to target x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/target, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * target (result of going), x2 of: x1 comes/goes to target x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) * target (target of a weapon), x2 of: x1 is a weapon/arms for use against target x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * target, x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto target x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * tariff, x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * tarnishing (metaphorical of iron), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) * tarnishing (metaphorical of silver), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) * taro, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu * tart, x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 /:/ /=/ slari (sar) * task ( task of a committee), x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni * task (task posing problem), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) * taste (flavor), x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) * taste for, x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) /:/ /=/ nelci (nel nei) * tastes (has a flavor), x2 of: x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) * tasty, x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) * taut, x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati * tavern, x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja * tax, x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * taxon (taxon of taxonomy tree), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "taxon" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "taxon" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * taxonomy, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * tea, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 /:/ /=/ tcati * teach, x1 teach-es audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teach-er, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * teacher, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * teaches, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * teaching (of a school), x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * team (group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * team (mass, aggregate showing collective properties), x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) * team (squad), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * tears (result of crying/weeping), x2 of: x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) * teaspoon, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * teat, x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) * technique (method of analysis), x3 of: x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) * technique (method), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * telephone, x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) * televises (broadcasts), x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * television (television receiver, TV), x4 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * television show, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television show/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * tell a fib, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell a fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * tell a lie, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell a lie (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * tell an untruth, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * tells (recounts), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * tells about, x1 tells about about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) /:/ /=/ skicu (ski) * temperature (boiling temperature), x2 of: x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) * temperature (burning/ignition temperature), x2 of: x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) * temperature (condensation temperature), x3 of: x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) * temperature (condition for gaseous state), x3 of: x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) * temperature (condition for liquid state), x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ litki (lik) * temperature (condition for solid state), x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ sligu (lig) * temperature (freezing temperature), x2 of: x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) * temperature (melting temperature), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * temperature (mercury as metaphor for temperature), x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) * temperature, x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) * temple, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * temporarily takes, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * temporary (not permanent), x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) * temporary (of a situation/condition), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * temporary residence, x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) * tempts, x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) * ten, x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ dekto (dek) * tended (tended field), x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) * tends (pays attention to), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * tends (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * tenets, x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 are tenets/beliefs/rituals/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * tense, x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati * tenth, x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ decti (dec) * tera- (metric prefix), x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ terto (tet) * terminal phrase, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [terminal phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), terminal phrase/grammar unit (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * terminal, x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * terminated (terminated process having final state), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * terminates (ceases/stops), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * terminating (of a river), x1 is a river of landmass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) * termination (end/finish), x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * termination (termination of an interval), x3 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to termination/time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) * terminus, x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * termite, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra * terrain, x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain /:/ /=/ tumla (tum tu'a)