!% Fields: english/=/lojban * protects, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * protege (protege of a mentor), x2 of: x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * protein, x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi * protest, x1 protest-s/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) * protests, x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) * protozoan, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) * protrusion (nose as metaphor), x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) * protrusion (swelling/convexity), x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) * provide, x1 [source] provide-s/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) * provides (supplies), x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) * provides for (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * provides nutrition, x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/provides nutrition to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) * providing (insure providing benefits), x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * providing (motor providing power), x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra * providing (teat as metaphor: projection providing liquid), x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) * prowess (has prowess), x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * proxy (agent), x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * proxy measure, x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) * psyche, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) * psychological, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) * pub, x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja * pubic area, x1 is a/the pubic area /external genitalia [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ plibu (pib) * public, x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) * published (of a periodical), x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni * pull, x1 pull-s/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) * pulley, x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 /:/ /=/ pulni * pullover, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * pulls, x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) * pulmonary, x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri * pulp (paste), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * pulp (result of mashing), x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) * pulverize, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverize-s/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) * pulverized (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) * pulverizes, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) * pump, x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe * pumping, x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe * punctuate, x1 (agent) punctuate-s x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) * punctuates, x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) * pungent, x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * punish, x1 (agent) punish-es x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punish-ment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * punishable (of a crime), x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) * punishes, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * punishment (earned/deserved punishment), x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * punishment (effect of punishing), x4 of: x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * punishment (negative experience), x2 of: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) * punishment (negative reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * purchase insurance, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell insurance/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * purchaser (potential purchaser at a price), x3 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) * purchaser, x3 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to purchaser/buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * purchases, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 purchases/buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * pure (clean), x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) * pure (simple), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) * puree, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]] /=/ kruji (ruj) * purely, x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) * purity (chemical purity), x3 of: x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) * purple, x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] /:/ /=/ zirpu (zir zi'u) % purplish, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta * purplish-red, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) * purports to know, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * pursue, x1 chases/pursue-s/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * pursues, x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * pushes, x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * pushing (move by pushing), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * puss, x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) * pussy, x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) * put, x1 (agent) put-s/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) * puts (puts in), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * puts (puts on), x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) * puts (puts pressure on), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) * quakes, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * quality (equal in quality), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) * quality (innate/inherent quality), x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) * quality (mature in quality), x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) * quality (strong/powerful in quality), x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) * quality (weak/feeble in quality), x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ruble (rub ble) * quality (quality borrowed/assumed), x2 of: x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * quality (quality causing attraction), x3 of: x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) * quality (quality characterizing), x2 of: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) * quality (quality enabling event to interfere/hinder), x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) * quality (quality enabling event to interrupt), x3 of: x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) % quality, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli * quantified, x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) * quantifier (expression representing a number/value), x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) * quantifier (number/value), x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure [noun]; refers to the value and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) * quantity, x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) * quantum, x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) * quarry, x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) * quart, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * Quechua (sound clue, name of the language of most well-known native South American culture), x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) * queen, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * queer, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) * query, x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) * question (answered/solved question), x2 of: x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) * question (query), x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) * question of (is germane to), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * questionable, x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) * questioner, x3 of: x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) * questions (doubts), x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) * quick, x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) * quicksilver, x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) * quiet, x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) * quite, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) * quivers, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * quotes, x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) * quotient (ratio), x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) * quotient (result of dividing), x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu * Quranic, x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) * rabbit, x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ractu * race (competition), x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * race (intelligent inhabitants from planet surrounding sun) x3 of:, x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) * race (intelligent inhabitants of a home planet), x2 of: x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) * radian, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) * radiate, x1 radiate-s/emits x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ dirce (di'e) * radiates, x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ dirce (di'e) * radiation (reflected), x2 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * radio (broadcast via radio), x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * radio (radio receiver), x4 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to radio x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * radio broadcast, x2 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] radio broadcast x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * radon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni * rail, x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) * railed vehicle, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * railing, x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) * railroad (system operating trains), x3 of: x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * rails, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * rain, x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu * rain, x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) * rains, x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) * raise, x1 (force) lifts/applies raise-ing/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) * raises, x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * raising (applies raising force), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) * raising (of a farm/ranch), x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) * ram, x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) * ranch, x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) * rancher (rancher of a ranch), x3 of: x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by rancher x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) * random, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * range (final extent of stretching), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * range (interval/extent ranged over), x2 of: x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * range (relaxed extent before stretching), x4 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * range (set defining bounds), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) * range (range for locus), x3 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) * range (range of a function), x3 of: x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu * range (range with extreme), x4 of: x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) * ranges, x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * rapid, x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) * rapids, x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa * rare, x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci * rat, x1 is a rat of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ratcu * rate (frequency), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * rate (ratio), x1 (me'o, MEX representation of a fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) * ratio, x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) * rational, x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 /:/ /=/ racli * ravine, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) * raw materials (raw materials made from), x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of raw materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * raw materials (raw materials used by a factory), x3 of: x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from raw materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri * ray (energy beam), x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 /:/ [ray/beam (= nenli'i)] /=/ nejni (nen) * ray (focussed by lens), x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) * ray (line), x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) * ray (quantum particle form), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) * reaches (extends), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * reaches (stretches to extent), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends/reaches to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * reaches (succeeds), x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * reaching (reaching height in jump), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * react, x1 react-s/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into react-tion x2, x3 stimulates react-tion x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * reacting (burning), x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) * reaction (frown as reaction), x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) /:/ [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)] /=/ frumu (fru) * reaction (reaction to stimulus), x2 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action/reaction x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * reacts, x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * read, x1 [agent] read-s x2 [text] from surface/document/read-ing material x3; x1 is a read-er /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) * reader, x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) * reading material (source of text that is read), x3 of: x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) * reading material (text that is read), x2 of: x1 [agent] reads reading material x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) * reads, x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) * ready, x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) /:/ /=/ bredi (red bre) * real, x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) * reality (existence under metaphysics), x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) * reality (fact in the absolute), x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) * reap, x1 (agent) harvests/reap-s/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) * reaps, x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) * rear (back, behind), x1 is posterior/behind/back/to the rear of/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * rear (buttocks), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * rear, x1 is a parent of/raises/rear-s x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * rears, x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * reason (explanation for weeping), x3 of: x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) * reason (justification), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) * reason (significance), x3 of: x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) * reasoning (logic for reasoning), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) * reasons (thinks about), x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) * recalls, x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) * receive (receive merited reward/recompense), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) * receiver (destination of movement), x2 of: x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * receiver (radio receiver), x4 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * receiver (television receiver), x4 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * receiver (receiver of gift/donation), x3 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) * receiver (receiver of transmission), x3 of: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * recipe (method of cooking), x3 of: x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) * recipient (recipient of gift), x3 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) * recipient (recipient of payment), x3 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * recipient (recipient of reward), x2 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * recipient (recipient of supplied commodity), x3 of: x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) * reciprocal (reciprocal motion; oscillation), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * reciprocal motion, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * reciprocally, x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) * reckon, x1 calculates/reckon-s/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) * reckons, x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) * reclines, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * reclining, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * recognition (recognition vied for in a competition), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * recognized (meaning recognized), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) * recognizes (discerns/is aware of), x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) * recognizes (greets/responds for the first time), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to/recognizes]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa * recognizes (honors), x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * recognizes (of an observer), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * recollects, x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) * record, x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 /:/ /=/ vreji (rej vei) * recorder, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani * recording (of a camera), x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma * recounts (of a storyteller), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * rectangle (board/plank), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) * rectangle (right-angled shape), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * rectilinear, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * recumbent, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * recur, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recur-rence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * recur, x1 [action] recur-s/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * recurrence, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * recurring interval (season), x1 is a season/is seasonal [recurring interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi * recurs, x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) % red, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta * red, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) * red, x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) * reddish (reddish metal), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) * reduced, x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika * reed (air-reed instrument, flute), x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani * reed (instrument, oboe), x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri * reed (lip-reed instrument, horn), x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra * reef, x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa * referee (judge an event), x1 judges/referee-s/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * referees, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * reference, x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) * referential meaning, x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) * referring (of a sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * refers (cites), x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) * refined, x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) * reflect, x1 reflect-s/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflect-or]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflect-tion] /=/ minra (mir) * reflective (of a polished metallic surface), x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) * reflector, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * refraction, nu or ka of: x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; nu, ka is refraction (= nunle'o, kamle'o)] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) * refreshment (beverage), x2 of: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) * refuge, x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) * refutes (of a fact that contradicts), x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) * regards (examines), x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) * regards (regards highly), x1 esteems/respects/venerates/regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) * regimented, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * region (at-least-3-dimensional space), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) * region (region associated with a town/metropolitan area), x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) * region (region having weather), x2 of: x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological /:/ [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) * region (region of outer space), x1 or x2 of: x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) * register, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) * regret, x1 regret-s/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regret-ful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * regretful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * regrets, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * regular (cyclical), x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) * regular (typical/ordinary), x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) * regular (regular polyhedron/polygon), x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) * regular polyhedron, x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * regularity (property showing roughness), x2 of: x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) * regularity (property showing smoothness), x2 of: x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) * regularly used (of a surface used as a road), x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) * regulated, x2/x3 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * regulates, x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, agentive change] /=/ stika (tik) * regulation, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * regulatory, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * regurgitates, x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) * reign, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reign-s over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * reigns, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * related by (of arguments in a predication), x3 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * related to (associated with), x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) * related with (pertains to), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related with/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * relation (relation expressed by a Lojban root word), x2 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) * relation (relation in a predication), x2 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * relations (relations linking set into a group), x4 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * relations (relations structuring a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * relationship (of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/relationship/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * relationship (predicate relationship), x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * relationship (relationship defining relatedness), x3 of: x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) * relative (familial relative of), x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) * relax, x1 relax-es/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) * relaxed (relaxed length, of something stretched), x4 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) * relaxes, x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) * releasing (of a key), x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) * relevant, x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * reliable (property of a support/underpinning), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * relies, x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) * religion (mythos attachning significance to a legend/myth), x3 of: x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) * religion (mythos having non-human humanoids), x2 of: x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) * religion (religion accepting/believing in a deity), x2 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) * religion (religion attaching significance to a plant), x4 of: x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna * religion (religion holding something holy/sacred), x2 of: x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) * religion (religion of a temple/shrine), x2 of: x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * religion (religion of believers with common beliefs/practices), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * religion, x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ budjo (buj bu'o) * religion, x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xriso (xis xi'o) * religion, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) * religion, x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) * religion, x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dadjo (daj) * religion, x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 /:/ [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)] /=/ xindo (xin) * religious, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * rely, x1 rely-es/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) * remain, x1 remain-s/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) * remainder (remainder after division), x4 of: x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu * remainder (remainderafter subtraction/removal), x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * remains, x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) * remark, x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) * remarks, x3 of: x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) * remember, x1 remember-s/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) * remembers, x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) * reminder (note), x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) * remnant, x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * remorse (feels remorse, regrets), x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * remorse (feels remorse/guilt), x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ zungi (zug) * remorseful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * remove, x1 remove-s/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * removes (obtains by taking), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * removes (subtracts/deducts), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * remunerates, x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * renowned, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) * rent, x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * repairs, x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre * repeat, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again/repeat in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * repeat, x1 [action] repeat-s/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * repeated, x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * repeats, x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * repetition, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * replace, x1 replace-s/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replace-ment/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * replacement, x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * replaces (non-agentive), x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * replica, x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) * replies, x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * reply (form of answering), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * reply (response to question/problem), x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ (cf. spuda for agentive response/reply) /=/ danfu (daf) * reposes, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * represent, x1 represent-s/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * representative democracy, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * representing (of a diplomat), x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) * representing (of a letter/digit/symbol), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * representing (of a symbol/sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * representing (of an illustration), x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * represents (of an agent/proxy), x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * represents (represents a pattern), x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) * reproductive organ (projecting reproductive organ), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji * reptile, x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ respa (res) * repugnant, x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) * request, x1 request-s/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) * requests, x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) * require (prescribe), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * required, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) * requirement (rule), x1 is a rule/requirement prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * requirement (requirement required by a rule), x2 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring requirement x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * requires (needs), x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) * requires consideration, x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) * requiring, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * resembles, x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) * reserve (land reserve), x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka * reserve (supply), x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * residence (temporary), x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) * resident, x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) * resides, x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) * resistant (firm/unyielding), x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ jdari (jar) * resistant (stiff/inflexible), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa * resistant to oxidation, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation /:/ /=/ nikle (nik) * resisting (willfully resisting, stubborn), x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu * resists (opposes), x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * resists (wards/protects against), x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * resonant, x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) * resonates, x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * resource (consumed resource), x2 of: x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) * resource (inputs to a process), x2 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * resource (tool/utensil), x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) * resource (used), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material, resource] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) * resources (that which is invested), x2 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * respect (as component of pride), x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) * respect (aspect having significance), x3 of: x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) * respect (of a quantity in ratio to another), x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) * respected, x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) * respects, x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) * respiratory, x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri * respires, x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) * respond, x1 answers/replies to/respond-s to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * responds (reacts), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * responds (replies), x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * responds (responds to arrival), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa * response (answer/solution), x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ (cf. spuda for agentive response/reply) /=/ danfu (daf) * response (reply/answer), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * responsible, x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) * responsive, x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * rest (desired), x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) * rest, x1 is idle/at rest/inactive /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) * rest, x1 lies/rest-s/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * restaurant, x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta * resting on, x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana * restrain (restrain within limits), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) * restrain, x1 is restrain-ed/held [back]/constrained/kept by restrain-t x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restrain-t/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrain-s/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restrain-t (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * restrained (held/kept by restraint), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * restrained (of a captive), x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) * restraining (of a rail/bar), x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) * restrains (holds back), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * restrains (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta * restraint (that which restrains/holds back), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * restraint (restraint which captures), x3 of: x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * restriction (containment of a store/deposit), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * rests (lies/reclines), x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) * rests (relaxes), x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) * result (exponential result), x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) * result (goal/motivated result), x3 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) * result (successful result), x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * result (sum), x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) * result (result commanded), x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * result (result of combining), x4 of: x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * result (result of modification), x3 of: x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into result x3 /:/ [agentive, result]; (cf. stika for non-result, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-result change) /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * result (result of multiplication), x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) * result (result of organization), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * result (result of removal/subtraction), x3 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * result (result of transformation), x2 of: x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into result x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [result, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-result, galfi for agentive, stika for non-result, non-agentive change) /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * result (result of translation), x5 of: x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva * result, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * resultative change, x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative change, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change change) /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * resultative change, x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative change, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative change, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative change, non-agentive change) /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * resulting (accruing; of profit), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * results (results of a process), x3 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * resuming (after a pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * retain, x1 retain-s/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) * retains, x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) * retaliates, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * retreat (shelter), x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) * retreats, x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) * return (debt owed in return for), x2 of: x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) * return (mutually do in return), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) * return (profit), x4 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * return, x1 (agent) return-s x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-return-ing to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) * returns, x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) * revealing (honest/open), x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) * reveals, x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveals (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) * revenge, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * reverie, x2 of: x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 /:/ [dream/reverie (= selsne)] /=/ senva (sev sne) * reverse (reverse order), x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) * revolve, x1 turns/rotates/revolve-s around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * revolves (kind of oscillatatory motion), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * revolves (turns/orbits around axis), x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolves (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * revolving (of a planet), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * revolving (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon revolving around x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * reward (earned experience), x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) * reward (merit reward, receive merited reward), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) * reward (prize won), x2 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize/reward x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) * reward (something awarded for atypical behavior), x4 of: x1 (agent) reward-s x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * reward (something competed for), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * reward (something earned), x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay/reward x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * rewarder, x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * rewards (gives payment), x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * rewards (gives reward), x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * rhombus (a square oriented diagonally to appear as a diamond), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * rhubarb, x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) * rhyme, x1 rhyme-s/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * rhymes, x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * rhythm (beat), x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) * rhythm (rhythm danced to), x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu * rib, x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) * ribbon, x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) * rice, x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ rismi (ris) * rich, x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) * rider (rider of airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo/rider x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * rider (rider of boat), x2 of: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying rider x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) * rider (rider of rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload/rider x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * rider (rider of vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying rider x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) * rider (rider of wheeled motor vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying rider x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * rider (rider of wheeled vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying rider x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * ridicule, x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) * ridicules, x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) * right (correct), x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) * right (to the right), x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu * right ascension, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) * right-angled, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * rigid, x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa * rigidity, x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa * rim, x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * rim, x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) * rind, x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) * ring (annulus, circle, torus), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * ring (circular shape, not necessarily hollow), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) * ring (collar), x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * ring (enclosure), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * ringing (is ringing/surrounding), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * rings (property of a bell/chime), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * ripe, x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) * rise, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) * rising (metaphorical of growing/expanding), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) * risks (invests), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * rite, x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * ritual (ceremony/rite), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * ritual (courteous/polite behavior), x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) * ritual (custom/habit), x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) * ritual (ritual of a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * rival (competitor/opponent), x1 or x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * rivals (competes with), x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * river (flow), x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) * river (geographical feature), x1 is a river of landmass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) * road, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * road, x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) * robe, x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) * robed, x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) * rock, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ rokci (rok ro'i) * rocket, x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * rod, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) * roil, x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) * roils, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * role, x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) * role, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * roles (semantic roles), x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) * roll, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) * roll, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * roller coaster, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * roller, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * rolls, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * Roman, x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) * Romance, x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) * roof, x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) * room, x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * room, x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) * rooster, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci * root (body part), x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) * root (edible), x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu * root (origin/source), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) * root word, x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) * rope, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) * rose, x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) * rot, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) * rotates (kind of oscillatory motion), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * rotates (of object with an axle/spindle), x2 of: x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) * rotates (rotates around axis), x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * rotating (of a pulley), x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 /:/ /=/ pulni * rotating (of a roller when rolling), x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * rots, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) * rotten, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) * rough, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) * round (circular), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) * round (spherical), x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) * rounded (bulb as metaphor for rounded), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji * rounded (buttocks as metaphor for rounded), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * route (passageway), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) * route (path/track/course), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * route (route of a leap), x4 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * route (route of a road), x4 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) * route (route of canal/channel), x4 of: x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) * route (route of coming/going), x4 of: x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) * route (route of excretio), x4 of: x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) * route (route of leaving), x3 of: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * route (route of movement), x4 of: x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * route (route of travel), x2 of: x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) * rub, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * rubber, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ ckabu * rubbing, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * ruble (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) * rubs, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) * rubs, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * ruddy, x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) * rue, x1 regrets/rue-s (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rue-ful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * rueful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * rues, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) * rugged, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) * ruins, x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) * rule (arbitrate a rule), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * rule (defining function), x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu * rule (enforced), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji * rule (general: prescription/requirement), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * rule (obey a rule), x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) * rule (reign/govern), x1 governs/rule-s/is rule-r/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * rule (rule of behavior/ moral standard), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * rule (rule of inheritance), x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) * ruler (governor), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * rules (governs), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * rules (grammar rules), x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) * rules (rules defining a dimension), x3 of: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 /:/ /=/ cimde * rules (rules defining a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * rules (rules defining a universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * rules (rules for interpeting mathematica;l expression), x2 of: x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) * rules (rules governing a frame of reference), x3 of: x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) * rules (rules governing a ritual/ceremony), x4 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * rules (rules governing contradiction), x3 of: x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) * rules (rules governing logical entailment), x3 of: x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) * rules (rules of abstraction/generalization), x3 of: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) * rules (rules of behavior/conduct), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * rules (rules of logic), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) * rules (rules of sequencing), x2 of: x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * rune, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * runner (ski), x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * runner, x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4; x1 is a runner /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) * runny (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * runs (melts), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * runs (moves quickly on foot), x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) * runs (operates), x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) * runs into, x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) * rupee, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) * rural, x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) * Russian (pertaining to Russia proper), x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ rusko (ruk ru'o) * Russian (pertaining to the Russian Empire/Soviet Union), x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) * rustic, x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) * rut, x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) * rye, x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ mraji * saccharine (sugar-like substance), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * saccharine (sweet/sugary), x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) * sack, x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli * sacred, x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) * sad, x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) * safe, x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) /:/ /=/ snura (nur nu'a) * sage, x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) * sail, x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) * saintly, x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) * salad, x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ salta * salary, x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * sale, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * salesman, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) % salesman, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * salesperson, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) % salesperson, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * saliva (something expectorated), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) * salt, x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ silna * same (echo/reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * same (identical), x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) /:/ /=/ mintu (mit mi'u) * same (in amount, congruent), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) * same generation, x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne * same thing (do the same thing to each other), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) * same thing (recurrence), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, same thing again, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * same thing (repeated action), x1 [action] is the same thing repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * sample, x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) * sanctuary (religious), x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * sand, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ [also abrasive (= gukcanre)] /=/ canre (can) * sandal, x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) * sandwich, x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) * sandwiched (sandwiched between), x2 of: x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) * sane, x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 /:/ /=/ racli * Sanskrit, x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ srito * Sanskritic, x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ srito * satellite (natural satellite), x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) * satellite (orbiting body), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * satisfaction (pride), x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) * satisfies, x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 /:/ /=/ mansa * satisfy, x1 satisfy-es evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 /:/ /=/ mansa * saturated, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * saturation, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * sauce, x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso * saucer, x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * Saudi, x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sadjo (djo) * saxophone, x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri * say, x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna * says (asserts), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * says (comments), x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) * says (general: expresses), x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) * says (utters aloud), x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) * says hello, x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa * scabrous, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) * scaffold, x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) * scale (basis for contrariness/opposites), x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) * scale (standard for quantification), x3 of: x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) * scale (scale of measurement), x4 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) * scale (scale of units), x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) * scale (scale with neutral position), x2 of: x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) * scale (scale with units/degrees), x2 of: x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) * scallions, x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ sluni * scanty, x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) * scared, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) * scary, x2 of: x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) * scene, x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) * scent (odor/fragrance), x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) * scent (property of an object that is smelled), x2 of: x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne * scents, x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne * schematic, x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * scheme, x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * scholar, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) * scholarly, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) * school, x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * science, x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) * scientific method (as a definition of science), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) * scissors, x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci * scoff, x1 ridicules/mocks/scoff-s at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) * scoffs, x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) * scoop, x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ smuci (muc) * scope (range/extent), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * Scottish, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) * scrape, x1 blade/scrape-r/erosive scrape-s/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * scraper, x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * scrapes, x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * scratch, x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratch-ing object/implement] scratch-es/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) * scratches, x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) * scratching (scratching implement), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) * scream, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * screen (video/CRT screen), x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni * screw, x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) * scribe, x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) * scrotum, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * scrubs (wipes/rubs), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * sea level (reference for highness), x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) * sea, x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) * seal, x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) * sealed, x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * sealing, x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) * searches, x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) * season (cyclical interval, usually annual), x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi * season, x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu * season, x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) * season, x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) * season, x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) * seasonal, x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi * seasoned (food seasoned to invoke taste), x2 of: x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2; x2 is seasoned to taste of x1 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) * seasoned flavor, x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) * seasoning (emitter of flavor), x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) * seasoning (spice/condiment), x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi * seat (body part), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * seat (furniture), x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) * second, x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) * seconds (as part of time of day), x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika * seconds (duration), x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) * secret (kept hidden), x2 of: x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) * secret (private), x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * secreting (of a gland), x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 /:/ [secretion (= selcigla)] /=/ cigla (cig) * secretion, x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 /:/ [secretion (= selcigla)] /=/ cigla (cig) * sections, x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * secure, x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) /:/ /=/ snura (nur nu'a) * secures, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * see, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) * seed (basis for a brew, as coffee), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * seed (general term), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * seed (legume), x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) * seeds, x1(s) is/are (a) seeds/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) % seeing, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * seek, x1 seek-s/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) * seeks (for property, not necessarily existent), x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) * seems, x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) * seen (accepted as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted/understood by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) * seen, x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) * sees (accepts as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted/understood by x3; x3 sees interpretation/meaning x2 in x1 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) * sees, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) * segment (lateral subtending an angle), x3 of: x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * segment (portion), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * segment (straight line segment), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ [A line segment within a line defines an interval; the segment which defines an interval should be the shortest/most direct crossing/spanning of that interval] /=/ sirji (sir) * segments, x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * seizes (captures), x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * seizes (grasps), x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) * seizes (takes), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * selects, x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * self (self-assumed nobility), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * self deception, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * self propelled, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * self, x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) * self-assumed (self-assumed titles), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * self-directed, x1 is a self-directed entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) * self-image, x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-self-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) * self-pride, x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) * sell insurance, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell insurance/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * sell, x1 [sell-er] sell-s/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * seller (setter of a price), x4 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror/seller x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) * seller (vendor in a sales transaction), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) % seller, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * selling, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) % selling, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * sells, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * semantic effect (semantic effect of punctuation, x4 of: x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic effect/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) * semantics (semantics of article descriptor), x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) * semi-, x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xadba (xab) * semi-permeable, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * semisolid, x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous] /=/ jduli (dul jdu) * Semitic, x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) * sen, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * send, x1 transfers/send-s/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * sends, x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * sense (means of observation), x3 of: x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using sense/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) * sense (means of sensing), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel(s)] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * sense (sense detecting bitterness, x2 of: x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki * sense (sense detecting deliciousness), x2 of: x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) * sense (sense detecting pungency/spiciness), x2 of: x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * sense (sense losing track of vanishing object/phenomenon), x3 of: x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using sense/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci * senses (detects), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * sensitive, x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * sensor (sensor detecting odor), x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) * sensor (sensor losing track of vanishing object/phenomenon), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci * sensory activity (sensory activity detecting deliciousness), x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) * sensory apparatus (ear as metaphor for sensory apparatus), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) * sensory apparatus (eye as metaphor for sensory apparatus), x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) * sensory channel (means of sensing), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory channel input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * sensory channel (sensory channel detecting/overwhelmed by noise), x3 of: x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory channel input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) * sentence, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * sentinel, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) * separate (apart), x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * separated, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * separates (leaves from), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * separates (partitions), x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * separating (of a wall/fence), x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) * separating medium, x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * sequel, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * sequence (basis for adjacency), x3 of: x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * sequence (time sequence indicating future), x3 of: x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * sequence (time sequence indicating past), x3 of: x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * sequence (sequence in reverse order), x1 or x2 of: x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) * sequence (sequence of alternatives chosen from), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * sequence (sequence of items in a list), x2 of: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) * sequence (sequence of joined objects), x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) * sequence (sequence of states in oscillation/cycle), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli)