!% Fields: english/=/lojban * operated (of a hotel), x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) * operated (of a school), x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * operates, x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) * operating, x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * operator (of a hotel), x3 of: x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by operator x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) * operator (school operator), x5 of: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by operator x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * operators (operators of a market), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * opine, x1 thinks/opine-s x2 [opine-nion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) * opines, x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) * opinion, x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) * opponent (competitor), x1 or x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * opponent (enemy/adversary), x1 or x2 of: x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi * opponent (resistance/balancing force), x1 of x2 of: x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * opponent (target of a weapon), x2 of: x1 is a weapon/arms for use against opponent x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * opponent (opponent in a war), x1 (person/mass) wars against opponent x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) * opponents (defeated opponents), x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) * oppose, x1 oppose-s/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * opposes, x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * opposing (frictional force opposing motion), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * opposing (stubborn/willfully opposing), x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu * opposite (contrary/polar opposite), x1 or x2 of: x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) * opposite (inverted/reversed), x1 or x2 of: x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) * opposite (on the other side of a gap/boundary), x1 or x3 of: x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * opposition (opposition supported against), x3 of: x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * optic, x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) * optical, x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) * optionally, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) * oral cavity, x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oral cavity] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) * oral, x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oral] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) * orange, x1 is orange [color adjective] /:/ /=/ narju (naj) * orb, x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) * orbital (of a planet), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * orbital (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * orbital parameters (orbital parameters of a planet), x4 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * orbital parameters (orbital parameters of a satellite), x4 of: x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * orbiting (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * orbits (turns/revolves around axis), x1 turns/rotates/orbits around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve/orbits (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * orc, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) * orchard, x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) * orchestra, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra ( = zgibe'e, balzgibe'e to distinguish from smaller musical groups), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * order (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * order (reverse order), x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) * order (taxonomy tree level), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * order (order enforced by police), x2 of: x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji * order (order of a list), x3 of: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) /=/ liste (ste) * ordered (neat), x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ cnici (nic) * ordered (result of organizing), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * ordered (sequenced), x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * ordered (ordered entirety - universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * orderly, x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ cnici (nic) * orders, x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * ordinary, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) * ore, x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) * organ (body organ), x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 /:/ [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] /=/ rango (rag) * organ (gamete producing organ), x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * organ (musical instrument), x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) * organ (projecting reproductive organ), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji * organic (containing carbon), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) * organic (vital, from a living creature), x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) * organism (living thing), x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) * organism (source of a gamete), x2 of: x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * organism (organism producing seeds/spores), x2 of: x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * organism (organism with blood), x2 of: x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) * organisms (in a community), x2 of: x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) * organization (incorporated/chartered firm), x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * organization (structure), x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) * organizational principle (determining subordinate/assistants), x2 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organizational principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * organize, x1 organize-s x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organize-d result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organize-ational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * organized (of a team/gang/band), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * organized (result of organizing), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * organized (strongly organized, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * organized activity, x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) * organized church/religion, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * organizes (designs a structure/arrangement), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * organizes (increases order), x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * orientation (sexual orientation), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * orientation (orientation standard for behind), x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * orientation (orientation standard for forward), x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) * orientation (orientation standard for left), x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) * orientation (orientation standard for right), x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu * orifice (anal orifice), x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * orifice (orifice having lip/rim), x2 of: x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) * orifice (orifice producing cough/burp), x3 of: x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke * origin (basis of direction), x3 of: x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 /:/ [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)] /=/ farna (far fa'a) * origin (of a route/course), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to destination x2 from origin x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/origin, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * origin (of canal/channel), x3 of: x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from origin x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) * origin (source/beginning), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) * origin (starting point of penetration), x4 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * origin (transmitter), x4 of: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * origin (origin of a leap), x3 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from origin x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like origin] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * origin (origin of a road), x3 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) * origin (origin of carrying), x4 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from origin x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * origin (origin of dive), x3 of: x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from origin x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) * origin (origin of fall), x3 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from origin x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) * origin (origin of going), x3 of: x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) * origin (origin of mail), x4 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from origin x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) * origin (origin of movement), x3 of: x1 (object) moves to/towards destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit); benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * origin (origin of route), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * origin (origin returned to), x3 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) * originator (originator of a letter), x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ /=/ xatra (xa'a) * origins (origins of gathering elements), x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from origins x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) * orthopteran, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra * oscillate, x1 oscillate-s at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * oscillates, x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * other (other occurence), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * other side (result of penetrating motion), x3 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to other side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * other side (other side of a bound: beyond), x1 and x3 of:x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * other side (other side of gap/boundary: directly across), x1 and x3 of: x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * other side, x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * other than (contrasting with), x1 and x2 of: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) * other than (different than), x1 and x2 of: x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) * oto- (pertaining to the ear), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oto-] /=/ kerlo (ker) * ounces, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) * out of (material drunk), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) * out of (material dug up), x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa * out of (material made from), x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * out, x1 is on the out-side of x2; x1 is exterior to x2; (adjective:) x1 is out-er /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) * outcome, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * outer covering, x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer covering of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) * outer garment, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * outer space, x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) * outer, x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2; (adjective:) x1 is outer /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) * outfit, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * outline, x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) * outputs (outputs of a process), x3 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * outside diameter (outside diameter of a ring), x4 of: x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * outside, x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) * oval, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * ovary, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * oven, x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) * over there, x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * overhang, x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni * ovoid, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * ovum, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * owe, x1 owe-s x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) * owes, x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) * owned by (of a bank), x2 of: x1 is a bank owned by by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) * owned by all (public), x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) * owner (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by owner x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) * owner, x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * owners (owners of a market who operate it), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * ownership (inheritance of ownership), x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) * owns, x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * ox, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * oxidizer (oxidizer of a fire), x3 of: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) * oxygen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) * pace, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) * paces, x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) * pack, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * package, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * packed, x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) * pad, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) * pad, x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci * padding, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) * padre (sound clue, Spanish for 'father'), x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * page (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is paper from source x2 /:/ [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) * page, x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * pages (bound mass of pages), x2 of: x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * pail, x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu * pain, x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 /:/ /=/ cortu (cor cro) * paint, x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta * pair (pair of shears/scissors), x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci * paisa, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * Pakistani, x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kisto (kis) % palaver, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * palaver, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4; x1 palaver-s /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * palavers, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4; x1 palavers /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * pale (dull, non-intense), x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) * pale (whitish, light), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) * Palestinian, x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ filso (fis) * pallet (base/pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) * pallet (bed), x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) * pallet (mat), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci * pallet (tray), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * pan, x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * pan, x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * panic, x1 (person) is panic-ked by crisis x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ xalni * panicked, x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ xalni * panorama, x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) * pants, x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) * papa, x1 is a father/papa/pop of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * paper (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * paper money, x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) * paper, x1 is paper from source x2 /:/ [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) * paraffin, x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also paraffin] /=/ lakse (lak) * parallel (differing only in), x1 parallel-s x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * parallel (similar in), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) * parallels (differs only in), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * parameters (orbital parameters of a planet), x4 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * parameters (orbital parameters of a satellite), x4 of: x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * paramilitary, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * parasitic (of a blood-sucking arthropod), x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) * parasitic (of a mold/fungus), x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) * parasol, x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa * parcel (parcel of land), x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain /:/ /=/ tumla (tum tu'a) * parent (one who raises/rears children), x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * parent (parent with children including daughter), x3 of: x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) * parent (parent with children including son), x3 of: x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) * parent (parent with offspring), x2 of: x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) * parent (parent with sibling children), x3 of: x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) * parental (of a member of a generation), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parental generation /:/ /=/ famti * parental, x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * parents (generation previous to parents), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) * parents (parents with daughter), x2 of: x2 of: x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ tixnu (tix ti'u) * parents (parents with son), x2 of: x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) * park, x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka * part, x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * participants (participants in a market), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * particle (elementary particle), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) * particle (piece), x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) * particular (adjective: specific), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * particular (noun: detail), x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2 /:/ /=/ tcila (til) * partition (method of separating), x4 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * partition (separation medium), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * partitions (divides), x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * partitions (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * partly, x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * partnership, x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * parts (departs), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * parts (results of separation/partition), x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) * parts (parts assembled from), x3 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * party, x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * Pashto, x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kisto (kis) * pass (through), x1 pass-es through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [pass-ing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * pass, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) * passage (closed passage), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * passage (filtered passage), x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) * passage (nasal passage), x3 of: x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) * passage (open passage), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) * passengers (passengers of an airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * passes through, x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * passing through (penetrating), x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * passing through (passing through stages/steps), x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * passive, x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) * passport, x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) * past, x1 is in the future of/later than/after past x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist past (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * past, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * paste, x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) * pastel, x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) * pastoral, x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) * paternal, x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * path (route of carrying), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * path (route of movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * path (route, no motion implied), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * path (path of reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * patient (linguistic), x1 [person/patient/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests patient undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) * patient (patient being doctored/nursed), x2 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to patient x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) * patient (patient of hospital), x2 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita * patron (one who is begged), x2 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * patrons (patrons of a bar/tavern), x3 of: x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja * pattern (basis of a poem), x2 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) * pattern (conceptual form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * pattern (method), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * pattern (sets a pattern), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * pattern (wave pattern), x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) * pattern (pattern of forms; model/arrangement), x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) * pattern (pattern of markings), x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) * pattern (pattern on a flag/banner), x3 of: x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci * pause, x1 awaits/waits/pause-s for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * pauses, x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * pay (compensation for goods/services), x1 pay-s/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] pay-ment x2 to recipient/pay-ee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * pay (earnings), x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * pay (something done for pay, as a definition of 'job'), x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities) /=/ jibri (jib) * payee, x3 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * payload (payload of a rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * payment (compensation), x2 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * payment (reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts/payment x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * pays attention, x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * pays, x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * pea, x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) * peace, x1 is at peace with x2 /:/ /=/ panpi (pap) * peak, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) * pear, x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ perli (per) * pearl, x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) % peasant, x1 is a peon/peasant/low-born/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre * peat, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) * pebble, x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ bidju * peck, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * pecuniary, x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) * pedagogical, x1/x5 of: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * pedagogue, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * pedal, x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal /:/ /=/ jamfu (jaf jma) * pedestal (base of table), x3 of: x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) * pedestal (base/stand), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) * pedestal (support for standing object), x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * pee, x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 /:/ /=/ pinca * peel, x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) * peg, x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne * pellet (shot pellet; ballistic projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * pelt, x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) * pen, x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 /:/ /=/ penbi (peb) * penalty (demerit, negative reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * penalty (punishment), x4 of: x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment/penalty x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense)] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * pencil, x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * pendant, x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) * penetrates, x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * penetrating (of a claw or weapon), x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) * peninsula, x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] /:/ [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) * penis, x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji * penny (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * pensive, x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) % peon, x1 is a peon/common-er/low-born/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre * people (believers in a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * people (person(s)), x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) * people (standard for crime/taboo), x2 of: x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) * people (people governed/ruled), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * people (people having deity), x2 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) * people (people holding sacred/holy), x2 of: x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) * people (people in a nation/ethnic group), x2 of: x1 is a nation/ethnic group of people x2; [people sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) * people (people of a country), x2 of: x1 is the country of people x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) * people (people producing artifact), x2 of: x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) * peppery, x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * perceived (of color), x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) % perceived, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * perceives (senses/notices), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * perceives visually, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) % perceiving, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * percussion (tuned percussion instrument), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * percussion (percussion instrument), x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri * perfect (correct), x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) * perfect (ideal/flawless), x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) * perfected (completed), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) * perform, x1 perform-s x2 [perform-ance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) * performance, x2 of: x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) * performed (of magic), x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) * performed (of music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * performer (of magic), x3 of: x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by performer/person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) * performer (of music), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by performer x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * performs (does a performance), x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) * performs (performs gymnastics feat), x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2 /:/ /=/ zajba (zaj) * peril (potentially harmful), x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3; x1 is a danger/peril /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) * peril (something defended against), x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * peril (something insured against), x3 of: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * peril, x1 is peril-ous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) * perilous, x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) * period (duration/interval), x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) * period (interval between seasonal reoccurrence), x2 of: x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi * period (period of cyclical phenomenon), x3 of: x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) * periodic (of a cyclical phenomenon), x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) * periodic (of a tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru * periodic pattern (wave), x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) * periodical (newspaper/magazine), x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni * perishable (contents of a can), x2 of: x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * permanent (lasting), x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) * permanent (permanent location), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) * permits, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * permitting (justification permitting), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) * permitting (portal permitting access), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) * perpendicular, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on/perpendicular to surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximately) perpendicular to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * persists (continues), x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) * persists (ranges), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * persists (survives), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) * person (person making speech sound), x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of person x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) * person, x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) * persona, x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) * personal, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * personalities (multiple personalities), x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) * personality (displays personality), x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) * persons (persons of a team/gang/band), x2 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * persons (persons under authority), x2 of: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) * persons (persons well-known to, of a celebrity), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) * perspiration, x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne * pertain, x1 pertain-s to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * pertains (is relevant to), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * pet, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) * peta- (metric prefix), x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ petso (pet) * petition (plead/request), x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * petitions, x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) * petroleum, x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2 /:/ /=/ ctile * pets, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) * pfennig, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * phenomenon (mental phenomenon), x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) * Philistine (Latinized form of Semitic name for Palestine), x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ filso (fis) * phonates, x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) * phonetics (as a basis of rhyme), x3 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * photo, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * photographic equipment, x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma * phrase compound (contrasted with 'affix compound' = lujvo), x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) * phrase, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), terminal phrase/grammar unit (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * phylum (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * phylum (higher taxon in taxonomy tree), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * physical (existing in the real world), x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) * physical (of matter), x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material] /=/ marji (maj mai) * physical book, x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical book object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * physical page, x1 is a physical page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * physical power (muscle as metaphor for physical power), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) * physically causes, x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) * physician, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) * piano, x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) * pico- (metric compound), x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ picti (pic) * pictorial, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * picture (illustration), x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * picture (movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * piece (chunk/portion), x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) * piece (part/component), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * pieces (pieces resulting from cutting/dividing), x3 of: x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) * pieces (pieces resulting from explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) * pieces (pieces resulting from fracture), x2 of: x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * piercing (of a pin), x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne * pig, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * piglet, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * pigment (pigment of ink), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) * pigment (pigment of paint), x2 of: x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta * pile, x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) * pillar, x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju * pillow, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) * pilots, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * pin, x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne * pincers, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza * pinch (pincers/tongs used to pinch), x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza * pinch (pinch to the point of pain/damage), x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) * pinches, x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) * pine, x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) * pink (whitish), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) * pipe, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani * pipe, x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) * piquant, x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * piss, x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 /:/ /=/ pinca * pistil, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * pit, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * pitch (pitch of threads of screw), x3 of: x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) * pitch (pitch/frequency of tone), x2 of: x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 /:/ /=/ tonga (tog to'a) % pitch, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4 /:/ /=/ togle'u * pities, x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) * pity, x1 (person) pity-es/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) * pixie, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) % place of birth, x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [place of birth] /:/ /=/ nunjbe * place of birth, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [place of birth]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * places (puts/sets), x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) * plaintext, x2 of: x1 is encoded/cipher text of plaintext x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) * plan (agentive), x1 (agent) plan-s/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * plan (something planned), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * plan, x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) * planar (of a plane), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) * plane (2-dimensional form), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) * plane (plane in which something surrounds), x3: x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * planet (body revolving around a star), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * planet (home planet of race with sun), x2 of: x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) * planet (home planet of race), x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) * planet (planet with atmosphere), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) * planet (planet with natural satellite), x2 of: x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) * planet (planet with ocean), x2 of: x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) * planetary characteristics), x3 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics) x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * plank, x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) * plans, x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * plant (banana plant), x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna * plant (edible plant), x3 of: x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi * plant (factory/industrial plant producing), x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri * plant (flowering plant), x2 of: x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) * plant (general term: herb/greenery), x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) * plant (grain plant), x2 of; x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) * plant (melon/squash plant), x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) * plant (mill/industrial plant performing process), x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) * plant (symbolic plant), x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna * plant (tomato plant), x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tamca * plant (plant growing from bulbs), x2 of: x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji * plant (plant producing berries), x2 of: x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ jbari (jba) * plant (plant producing leguminous seeds), x2 of: x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) * plant (plant producing nuts), x2 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) * plant (plant with leaves), x2 of: x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 /:/ /=/ pezli (pez) * plant (plant with roots), x2 of: x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) * plant (plant with stalk/stem), x2 of: x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani * plant taxonomy, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal taxonomy/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * plantain, x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna * plants (cultivated plants), x3 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) * plants (sows), x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) * plastic, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) * plate, x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * platform, x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) * platter (plate), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * platter (tray), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * play (drama), x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci * play (music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * play (with toy/game), x1 [agent] play-s with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) * playing an instrument (event), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing an instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * plays, x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) * plaything, x2 of: x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) * plea (agentive), x1 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * pleads, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * pleasant (beautiful), x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) * pleasant (pleases), x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ pluka (puk pu'a) * pleasantly (pleasantly occupies; amuses), x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) * pleases, x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ pluka (puk pu'a) * plectrum, x2 of: x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) * pliers, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza * plot (plan), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * plot (plot of drama), x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci * plot (plot of fictional work), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) * plot (plot of movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * plot (plot of poem), x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) * plot (plot of prosaic work), x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) * plot (plot of story), x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * plots, x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * plow, x1 (agent) plow-s/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) * plows, x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) * plumage, x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 /:/ /=/ pimlu (pim pi'u) * plumb, x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) * plume, x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 /:/ /=/ pimlu (pim pi'u) * plump, x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana * plus, x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) * pocket, x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski * poem, x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) * point (instant/moment/dimensionless point), x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) * point (tip/extremity), x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) * point of view (something agreed with), x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/point of view x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) * point of view (point of view argued against), x2 of: x1 argues for point of view/stand x2 against point of view x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * point of view (point of view argued for), x2 of: x1 argues for point of view x2 against point of view/stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * point of view, x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion/point of view] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) * pointed (metaphorical of a claw), x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) * pointed (metaphorical of a horn), x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] /:/ /=/ jirna * pointed (of a nail/tack), x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) * pointed (of a needle-like form), x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 /:/ /=/ jesni (jes) * points (data points on a chart/diagram/map), x3 of: x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) * points (set of points bounding those among/between), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) * points (set of points defining closed curve), x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) * points (set of points defining curve), x4 of: x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) * points (set of points defining line), x2 of: x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) * points (set of points defining plane), x2 of: x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) * points (points defining route), x4 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * poison, x1 is poison-ous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) * poisonous, x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) * poke, x1 (object, usually pointed) poke-s/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) * pokes, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) * polar opposite, x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) * polarity, x3 of: x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) * pole, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) * police, x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji * polish (substance used in polishing), x3 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali * polish (verb), x1 (agent) polish-es object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali * polished (of a metallic surface), x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) * polished stone, x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) * polishes (applies polish), x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali * polishing tool, x4 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using polishing tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali * polite, x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) * political (of a polity), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) * political unit (political unit containing city), x3 of: x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) * polity (managing park), x2 of: x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka * polity (represented by diplomat), x2 of: x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) * polity (state governing territory), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) * pollen (gamete), x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * pollen (pollen produced by organ), x2 of: x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * pollution, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) * polygon (regular polygon), x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) * polygon, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla * polyhedron (3-dimensional with planar sides), x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * polyhedron (regular polyhedron, of a form), x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) * polyhedron (regular polyhedron, of an object), x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * polymer, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) * Polynesian, x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ polno (pol) * pony, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) * pool, x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) * poor (bad), x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) * poor (lacking), x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) * poorly (does poorly), x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) * pop (sound clue, children's or slang term for a paternal figure), x1 is a father/papa/pop of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * pork, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * porous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje * portal (penetrated portal), x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * portal (window), x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) * porter, x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * portion (edible portion of plant), x1 or x2 of: x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi * portion (part/component), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * portion (piece/chunk), x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) * portion (slice), x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) * portions, x3 of: x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * Portuguese, x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ porto (pot) * position (inherent position), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) * position (sitting position), x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) * position (temporary situation/condition), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * position (position agreed with), x2 of: x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) * positive (certain), x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) * positive (more than 0), x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) * positive (of electrical charge), x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) * possesses, x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * possession (gains possession), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * possession (retained possession), x2 of: x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) * possession (retains possession), x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) * possession (possession gained), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] possession of x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * possessions (lacking in possessions), x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) * possessions (possessions making rich), x2 of: x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) * possessions, x2 of: x1 possesses/owns/has possessions x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * possessor (one who is taken/seized from), x3 of: x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * possessor (one who owns), x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor/possessor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * possibility, x1 (event/state/property) is possible/a possibility under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe /:/ /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) * possible (might be true/happen), x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe /:/ [also possibility] /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) * post (mail (verb)), x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) * post (trading post), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * post office, x4 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) * posterior, x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * posts, x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) * postum, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * pot, x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) * potassium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna * potato, x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 /:/ (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber) /=/ patlu * potent, x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) * potential (seed as metaphor for potential/self-development), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * potential (potential protected against), x3 of: x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) * potentially harmful, x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) * pouch, x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski * pouched, x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in pouched garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski * pound (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) * pound, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) * pour, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * pours (agent inserts/fills), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * pours (material pours into), x2 of: x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * powder (made of small particles), x1 is a powder of material x2 /:/ [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)] /=/ purmo (pum pu'o) * powder (result of grinding), x3 of: x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) * power (exponent), x3 of: x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) * power (has power), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) * power (muscles as metaphor), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) * power (power provided by engine/motor), x2 of: x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra * powerful (potent, has power to), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) * powerful (strong), x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) * powering (of fuel), x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2 /:/ /=/ livla (lil) * practice (customary practice), x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) * practice (repeated action), x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) * practice (technique/mode/style), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * practices (characteristic practices of an era), x2 of: x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra * practices (practices of a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * practitioner (practitioner of a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * prays, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * pre-Lojban forms of Loglan, x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) * pre-sealed, x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * precede, x1 precede-s/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/precede-ing/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * precedes (leads), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * precedes (of an ancestor/ancestral generation), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) * preceding, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * precious, x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) * precipitate (suspensible solid), x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) * precipitates (falls as precipitation), x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) * precipitation (rain), x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) * precipitation (solid precipitation), x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu * precise, x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci * precision (exactness of measurement/match), x2 of: x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci * precision (precision of clock), x3 of: x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) * precondition, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) * predecessor, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x1 is a leader/predecessor x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * predestined (of a person facing a fate/doom), x2 of: x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) * predicate (context determines place structure), 1st assignable variable predicate /:/ /=/ broda (rod) * predicate (context determines place structure), 2nd assignable variable predicate /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) * predicate (context determines place structure), 3rd assignable variable predicate /:/ /=/ brodi * predicate (context determines place structure), 4th assignable variable predicate /:/ /=/ brodo * predicate (context determines place structure), 5th assignable variable predicate /:/ /=/ brodu * predicate (predicate of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) * predicate (predicate with arguments), x2 of: x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) /:/ (x1 and x2 are text) /=/ sumti (sum su'i) * predicate relationship, x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * predicate variable 1, 1st assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ broda (rod) * predicate variable 2, 2nd assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) * predicate variable 3, 3rd assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodi * predicate variable 4, 4th assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodo * predicate variable 5, 5th assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodu * predicate word (compound predicate word), x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) * predication, x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * prefer, x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * prefix, x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) * premium, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * prepared (ready), x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) /:/ /=/ bredi (red bre) * prepared (strongly prepared, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * prepares (prepares food), x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) * prerequisite, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) * prescribe, x1 is a rule prescribe-ing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * prescribing (of a rule), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * prescription (event mandated by a rule), x2 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * prescription (rule), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * present (current/concurrent with), x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) * present (gift), x2 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) * present at (attending), x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) * preserved (book/work preserved in medium), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * preserved (record preserved in medium), x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 /:/ /=/ vreji (rej vei) * preserving (of a museum), x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ muzga (muz) * president, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * press (implement making an impression), x3 of: x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) * press (put pressure on), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) * presses, x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) * pressure (as a basis for pumping), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe * pressure (condition of being a gas), x3 of: x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) * pressure (condition of being a liquid), x3 of: x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ litki (lik) * pressure (condition of being a solid), x3 of: x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ sligu (lig) * pressure (condition of boiling), x3 of: x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) * pressure (condition of condensation), x3 of: x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) * pressure (condition of freezing), x3 of: x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) * pressure (condition of melting), x3 of: x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * pressure (puts pressure on), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) * pressure (relatively low pressure sucking), x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) * pretty (beautiful), x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) * pretty (very/towards an extreme), x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) * prevent, x1 prevent-s/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta * preventing access, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * preventing passage, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * prevents, x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta * previous, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * prey, x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) * price (price paid by buyer, purchase price), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction) /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * price (price set by vendor, offering price)), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) % price, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * prickly (irritating to touch), x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina * prickly (prickly of a rose-like flower), x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) * pride, x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) * priest, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * primary (principal), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * prime, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * principal (chief/main), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * principal (principal with deputy/assistant), x3 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * principally (chiefly/mainly), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * principle (fundamental principle/basis), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * principle (organizational principle defining subordinate position), x2 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * principle (organizing principle), x4 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * principle (rule), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * principle (principle determining content of periodical), x2 of: x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni * principle (principle underlying bomb), x2 of: x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) * principle (principle used for braking), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * principles (defining principles of a universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * principles (ethical/moral principles), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * print, x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) * prisoner, x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) * private, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * privilege (privilege ensuing to ticketholder), x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 /:/ /=/ pikta * privilege (privilege granted/permitted), x3 of: x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * privy, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * prize (prize competed for), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * prize (prize won), x2 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) * pro, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * probability distribution, x3 of: x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * probable, x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2 /:/ /=/ lakne (la'e) * problem (obstacle/hindrance), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) * problem (result of disturbance), x3 of: x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) * problem (problem with answer/solution), x2 of: x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) * process, x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) * procreate, x1 engenders/procreate-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * procreates, x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * procures, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) * prod, x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * prods, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) * produce, x1 produce-s x2 [product] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) * produced (of music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * produced (of something built), x2 of: x1 makes/produced/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured/produced out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * produced (of sound), x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) * produced by (of silk), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) * producer (producer of music: event), x1 is music performed/produced by producer x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * producer (producer of silk), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by producer x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) * producer (producer of sound), x2 of: x1 is sound produced/emitted by producer x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) * produces (builds), x1 makes/produces/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * produces, x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) * producing (of a bell), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * producing (of a factory), x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri * producing (of a farm/ranch), x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) * producing (of gonads), x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * producing (of industry), x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 /:/ /=/ gundi (gud) * producing (of magnetic source), x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) * producing (of seeds/spores), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * product (result of building), x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates product x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * product (result of multiplication), x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) * product (result of producing by process), x2 of: x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) * product (waste product), x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) * product (product harvested), x2 of: x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) * product (product of a factory), x2 of: x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing product x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri * productively (of tool usage), x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) * professional, x1 is an expert/professional/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * professor, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) * proffers, x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 /:/ [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erfriti, po'erselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ friti (fit) * profit (expected profit/return on investment), x4 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * profit (gain/advantage), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * profits (making a profit), x2 of: x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * program (TV program), x2 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * programming (television programming), x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * prohibiting passage (of a net), x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) * projectile (ballistic projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * projectile (something launched/shot), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * projectile (something thrown/hurled), x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls projectile/missile x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) * projecting (of a brow), x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) * projecting (of a mountain), x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) * projecting (of a penis/clitoris), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji * projection (projection providing liquid; teat/breast as metaphor), x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) * prolific, x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) * promise, x1 (agent) promise-s/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) * promises, x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) * prongs (prongs of a fork), x3 of: x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) * proof, x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) * propellant, x3 of: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * propelled (aircraft propelled by), x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * propelled (boat propelled by), x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) * propelled (hammer propelled by), x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) * propelled (launch/fire propelled by), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * propelled (leap propelled by), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * propelled (plow propelled by), x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) * propelled (rocket propelled by jet), x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * propelled (self-propelled), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * propelled (train propelled by), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * propelled (vehicle propelled by), x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) * propelled (wheeled motor vehicle propelled by), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * propelled (wheeled vehicle propelled by), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * propelling (motor propelling), x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra * propelling launcher (propelling launcher for ballistic projectile), x2 of: x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * propelling material (propelling material gathered by sail), x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) * proper, x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) % property, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli * proportion, x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) * proposes, x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) * proprietor (owner), x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) * proprietors (proprietors of a market who operate it), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * propulsion (propulsion for flying), x2 of: x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) * propulsion (propulsion for launching/firing), x3 of: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) % propulsion means, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli % propulsion means, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli * prose, x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) * prospect (scene/view), x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) * protecting (of a shelter), x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) * protecting (of a shoe), x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) * protecting (of a vaccine), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku * protective (of a shell), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) * protective (womb as metaphor for protective), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra * protective cover, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad)