!% Fields: english/=/lojban * bone, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) * bones, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) * boob, x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) * book (container of a copy of a work, possibly multiple volumes), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * book (physical object, volume, containing pages), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * book (work of authorship that may be found within a book), e.g. "Have you read the latest book by Smith?"; use x2 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) % book (work of authorship that may be found within a book), x1 is a book/work of authorship contained within copy/book x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ /:/ /=/ selcku * boon, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * boot, x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) * border (boundary), x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) * border (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) * border (separating x1 and x2), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/border/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * border, x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/border-ing-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) * bordering, x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) % born (event), x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe * born, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * born, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * borrow, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * borrows, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * boss, x1 is captain/commander/boss/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) * both directions, x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * both, x1 is a logical conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) * bothers, x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) * bottle, x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) * bottom (at the bottom of), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottom-s for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * bottom (floor), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) * bough, x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) * bounced, x4 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * bounces, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) * bound (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) * bound (of a book/document), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri * bound (something exceeded), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * bound (bound to, obliged), x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) * boundary (separating x1 and x2), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/boundary/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * boundary (boundary between x2 and x3), x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) * boundary (boundary exceeded), x2 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * boundary (boundary located across), x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * bounded (of a surface), x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) * bounds (inside bounds), x2 of: x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) * bounds (leaps), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) * bounds (bounds of surface), x4 of: x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) * bounds, (between bounds), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) * bovine, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * bow, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) * bowl, x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri * bowl, x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi) /=/ tansi (tas) * bows, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * box, x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) * boy, x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla * brain, x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) * brake, x1 (agent) brake-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * brakes (noun, device to slow or stop a motion), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with brakes/device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * brakes (verb), x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * branch (arm), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) * branch (bough/limb), x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) * branch (leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) * branches, x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) * brand name (brand name of soda), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of flavor/brand name x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) * brass, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra * brass, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu * brass-wind, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra * brave, x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ virnu (vri) * brazen (made of brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu * Brazilian, x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ brazo (raz) * bread, x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 /:/ /=/ nanba (nab) * break (cause to become inoperative), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * break, x1 break-s/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * breaks (bursts), x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) * breaks (fractures), x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) * breast (chest), x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) * breast (mammary), x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) * breathe, x1 breathe-s/respires x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) * breathes, x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) * breathing (breathing apparatus), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri * breeze, x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) * Breton, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Breton] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) * brew, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje * brew, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * brewed (from coffee or other beans/seeds), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee brewed from source/bean/brewed x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/brewed; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * brewed (from tea or other leaves), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 /:/ /=/ tcati * brewed (of beer, by fermentation), x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje * brick, x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * bridge, x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) * bright, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * brilliant, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * brimstone, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri * bring about (of motivated action), x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) * bring about (of powers), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) * bring about (of someone commanded), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * bring about (of someone trusted), x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) * brings about, x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) * bristles, x3 of: x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 /:/ /=/ burcu (bru) * British (pertaining to the United Kingdom/Great Britain), x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ brito (rit) * British (pertaining to British English), x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 /:/ [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire) /=/ glico (gic gli) * broad (of a field), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) * broad (wide), x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ganra (gan) * broadcaster, x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * broadcaster, x1 [broadcaster] transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * broadcasts, x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * broadcasts, x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi * broken down, x1 is broken down/inoperable/broken/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * broken, x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * bromine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default chlorine] /=/ kliru * bronze, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ ransu * brother, x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) * brow, x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) * brown, x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) * brownie, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) * brush (bristled object), x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 /:/ /=/ burcu (bru) * brush (field of bushes), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) * brush (writing brush), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * brushes (rubs causing friction), x2 of: x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * bubbles, x1 or x3 of: x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) * buck, x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) * bucket, x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu * buckwheat, x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) * Buddhist, x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ budjo (buj bu'o) * bug, x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki * bugbear, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) * bugle, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra * building (edifice), x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ dinju (dij di'u) * building (building with balcony), x2 of: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni * building (building with floor/bottom), x2 of: x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) * building (building with stories/floors), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) * building (building with windows), x2 of: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) * builds, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * built, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * bulb, x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sunga (sug) * bulb, x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji * bulbous, x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulbous] /:/ /=/ balji * bulbous, x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana * bulge (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji * bulgy (bulbous), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji * bull, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * bullet, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * bumps (bumps into), x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) * bundle, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * buoyant, x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant /:/ /=/ fulta (ful flu) * bureau, x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) * burn, x1 burn-s/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) * burning (of a fire), x1 is a fire/flame burning in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) * burning (burning of fuel in a fire), x2 of: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) * burns, x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) * burps, x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke * bursts, x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) * bushel, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * bushy-tailed, x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) * business (activities of a company), x3 of: x1 is a company/business/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/business x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * business (affairs), x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) * business (company), x1 of: x1 is a company/business/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/business x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * business (organized group, not necessarily incorporated), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * businessman, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) * buss, x1 (agent) kisses/buss-es x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba * busses, x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba * butt, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * butter, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne * butterfly, x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ toldi (tod) * buttery, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne * buttock, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * button, x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke * buyer (potential buyer), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to potential buyer/purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) % buyer, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * buyer, x3 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * buys, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) % buys, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * cabbage, x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ kobli (kob ko'i) * cabin, x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2 /:/ /=/ sabnu * cabinet, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni * cable (bundle of filaments), x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) * cable car, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * cackle, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * cafe, x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta * cage, x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) * cake, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla * calcium (metaphorical, based on bones as source), x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) * calculate, x1 calculate-s/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) * calculates, x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) * calendar (as the basis for a date), x4 of: x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) * calf, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * called (named), x2 of: x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) * camel, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte * camera, x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma * camp, x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) * can (able), x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state); x1 can do x2 /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) * can (container), x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu * can (container), x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * Canadian, x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kadno * canal, x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) * cancer, x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2 /:/ /=/ kenra (ken) * candela, x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) * candid, x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) * candle-power, x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) * cane, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) * canine (doglike aspects of a wolf), x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno * canine (of a dog), x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gerku (ger ge'u) * canine (of a fox), x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) * cannon (launcher), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * cannon (weapon), x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * cannonball, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * Cantonese, x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) * cap, x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) * capable, x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) * cape, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * captain (ultimate leader/commander), x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) * captive, x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) * capture, x1 capture-s/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * captures, x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * car, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * car, x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * carbon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) * carbonated, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) * card, x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda * cardiac, x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac] /=/ risna * cardiovascular (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] /:/ (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word cardiovascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues) /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) * care, x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) * care, x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * cares (cares after), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * cares about (problems x3 caused by x1), x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) * caretaker, x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * cargo (something carried), x2 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * cargo (cargo of airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * cargo (cargo of an aircraft), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * cargo (cargo of boat), x2 of: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) * cargo (cargo of rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * cargo (cargo of vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying cargo x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) * cargo (cargo of wheeled motor vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * cargo (cargo of wheeled vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * cargo (cargo supported by skis), x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) * carriage, x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * carrier (hauler/bearer), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * carrier (medium of transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * carrier (postal carrier), x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) * carries, x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * carry, x1 carry-ies/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carry-ier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * carrying (aircraft carrying), x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * carrying (boat carrying), x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) * carrying (rocket carrying), x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne * carrying (tray carrying), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * carrying (vehicle carrying), x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) * carrying (wheeled motor vehicle carrying), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * carrying (wheeled vehicle carrying), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * cars, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) * cart, x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce * cartilage, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) * carton, x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) * cartoon, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * carves, x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) * case, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * case, x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) * cassava, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu * castigate, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * Castillian, x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) * casts (shoots - any propulsion), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) * casts (throws - internal to x1 propulsion), x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) * cat, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu * cat, x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) * catalog, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) * catapult, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * catch, x1 captures/catch-es/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * catches, x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * categorization (tree-structured categorization), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * category, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * cattle, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * cause (agentive cause of being broken), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * cause (agentive cause with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) * cause (agentive cause), x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) * cause (antecedent of a result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[cause-s] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * cause (explanation), x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) * cause, x1 (event/state) effects/physically cause-s effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) * caused (of tides/periodic level changes), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru * caused (caused by people/man), x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) * causes (physically causes), x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) * causes (causes result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[causes] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * causes (causes to slow/stop), x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre * causes disgust, x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) * causing (flaw causing), x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 /:/ /=/ cfila (cfi) * causing (rason/justification causing), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) * causing (seasoning causing flavor/effect), x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi * causing (word causing, of speech acts), x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) /:/ /=/ valsi (val vla) * causing (causing problems), x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) * caution, x1 (event/experience) warns/caution-s x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) * cautions, x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) * cave (sound clue and root of closely related meaning), x1 is a cave-ity/hole/hollow/cave-rn in x2; x1 is con-cave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, con-cave-ity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * cavern, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * cavity (oral cavity), x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oral] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) * cavity, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * cease, x1 [agent] cease-s/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) * ceases (stops), x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) * ceases (ceases at an end/termination point), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) * ceases (ceases to be observed), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci * ceases (ceases to due failure), x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) * ceiling (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * ceiling (roof/lid/top), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) * celebrate, x1 celebrate-s/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * celebrated (esteemed), x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) * celebrated (honored by event/activity), x2 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; x2 is celebrated with activity x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * celebrated (of a celebration), x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; celebration x3 is celebrated by x1 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * celebrated (renowned), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) * celebrates, x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * celebration, x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; celebration x3 is celebrated by x1 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) * celebrity, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) * celestial (of outer space), x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) * celestial (of the sky), x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) * cell, x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) * cell, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) * celled, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) * cello, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) * Celtic, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) * cent, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * center (metaphorical, of a nut or nut-like object), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and center x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) * center (middle), x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) * center (shopping center), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * centi- (metric prefix), x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ centi (cen) * central, x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) * ceramic, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) * cereal, x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) * cerebral (of the brain), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) * ceremony, x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * certain, x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) * cesium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna * chain, x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3 /:/ /=/ linsi (lin) * chair, x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) * chalk, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3 /:/ /=/ bakri * challenge, x1 (person) challenge-s x2 at/in property x3 /:/ /=/ talsa (tal) * challenges (calls for/demands proof/accountability), x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3 /:/ /=/ talsa (tal) * challenges (is difficult), x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) * challenging, x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) * chamber, x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) * chameleon, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * chance (by chance), x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * chancy, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * change (expected to change: temporary), x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) * changes (adjusts), x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, agentive changes] /=/ stika (tik) * changes (becomes/changes into), x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, changes] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * changes (modifies into), x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [agentive, resultative changes] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * changes (suddenly :), x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) * changes (varies), x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive changes] /=/ cenba (cne) * channel (canal, man-made or -enhanced waterway), x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) * channel (sensory channel with noise), x3 of: x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) * channel (sensory channel), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) * channel (television broadcast channel), x3 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) * chants, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) * chaos (disorganized), x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) * chaotic, x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ kalsa (kas) * character, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * characteristics (planetary characteristics), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * characteristics (satellite characteristics), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) * characteristics (temporary characteristics), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * characterized (defining an era), x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra * characterized (characterized by a property), x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) * charcoal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) * charge (electric charge), x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) * charge (has charge, leadership), x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) * chart, x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) * chartered (of a company/organization), x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * chase, x1 chase-s/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * chases, x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * chasm, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) * chasten, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * chastise, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) % chat, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * chat, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * chat, x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) * cheap (of metal, tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci * cheat, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheat-s/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * cheats, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * cheese, x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 /:/ /=/ cirla * chemical, x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) * chest, x1 is a box/carton/trunk/chest for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) * chest, x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) * chicken egg, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), chicken egg (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) * chicken, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci * chicory, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * chief (main), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * chief (ultimate leader/commander), x1 is chief/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) * chiefly, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * child (juvenile), x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) * child (offspring), x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) * child (parented), x2 of: x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * chime, x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * chimpanzee, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani * Chinese, x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) * chlorine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default chlorine] /=/ kliru * chocolate, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa /:/ /=/ cakla * choice (something chosen), x2 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * choice (the set of alternatives that can be chosen), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * choose, x1 choose-s/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * chooses, x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * chopsticks, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza * Christian (as part of the Judeo-Christian-Muslim monotheistic tradition), x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) * Christian, x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xriso (xis xi'o) * chrome, x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chrome-ium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) * chromium, x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) * chromosome, x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 /:/ [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) * chunk, x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) * church (organized church, a mass of people), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * church (temple), x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * chutzpah, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi * cigar, x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) * cigarette, x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) * cigarillo, x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) * cinema (film), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * cipher (encoded text), x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) * ciphertext, x1 is encoded/ciphertext of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) * circle (ideal form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * circle (ring), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * circle (round object), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) * circle-shaped (object with form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * circling, x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * circuit, x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) * circular (of a round object), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) * circular (of an object), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * circumstance (circumstance for replacement), x3 of: x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) * circumstances (properties of a situation), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * CIS, x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) * cite, x1 cite-s/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) * cites, x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) * citrus, x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ nimre * city (city of suburb), x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu * city block, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla * city, x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) * civil (pertaining to a polity/citizen), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) * civil (polite), x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) * claims, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * clambers, x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) * clammy (pertaining to clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) * clamor, x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) * clan, x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) * clarinet, x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri * class (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * class (upper-class), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * classification, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/classification/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) * claw, x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) * clay, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) * clay, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) * clean, x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) * cleaning material, x4 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) * cleanses, x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) * cleansing, x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) * clear, x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) * cleft, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) * clerical, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * climate, x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological /:/ [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) * climb, x1 climb-s/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) * climbing (purpose of stairs), x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) * climbs (on a surface), x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) * clitoris, x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji * cloak (outer garment), x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * cloak (robe/full length garment), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) * clock, x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) * clone (copy), x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) * closable, x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) * close (near), x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ jibni (jbi) * close similarity (parallel), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * closed (not open), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * closed curve, x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) * cloth (fabric), x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2 /:/ /=/ bukpu (buk bu'u) * cloth (knitted cloth), x2 of: x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) * cloth (woven), x2 of: x1 weaves cloth x2 from material/[yarn] x3 /:/ /=/ jivbu * clothesless, x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothesless/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) * clothing, x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) * cloud, x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) * cloying, x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 /:/ [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)] /=/ dukse (dus du'e) * clump, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * clumsy, x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 /:/ /=/ juxre (jux) * cluster (clump/bundle), x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * cluster (group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * clutches, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) * coal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) * coarse, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) * coast, x2 of: x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 /:/ /=/ zbani * coat markings, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu * coat, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) * cock, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci * cockroach, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra * cocoa, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa /:/ /=/ cakla * code, x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) * code, x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) * coding system, x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) * coffee, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * cogitates, x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) * cohesive (of a shape/form), x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) * coin (money), x1 is money/coin/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper coin (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) * coin, x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) * coitus, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) * cold, x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) * cold, x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 /:/ /=/ lenku (lek) * collar, x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * collection, x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * collector (tax collector), x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * collects (non-agentive), x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) * college, x1 is school/institute/academy/college/university at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * collide, x1 collide-s with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) * collides, x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) * colloid, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * colony, x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) * color (dark color), x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) * color (perceived color), x2 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) * color (color of ink), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) * color, x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) * color, x1 is blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ blanu (bla) * color, x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) * color, x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna % color, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta * color, x1 is gray [color adjective] /:/ /=/ grusi (rus) * color, x1 is green/verdant [color adjective] /:/ /=/ crino (ri'o) * color, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) * color, x1 is orange [color adjective] /:/ /=/ narju (naj) * color, x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] /:/ /=/ zirpu (zir zi'u) * color, x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) * color, x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) * color, x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] /:/ /=/ pelxu (pel) * colors (bright colors), x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) * colors (light colors), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) * colors (pale colors), x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) * colt, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) * column, x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju * comb, x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) * combat, x1 fights/combat-s/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combat-ant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) * combatant, x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) * combats, x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) * combines (agentive), x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * combining-form, x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) * combustion (supporting combustion, of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) * combusts, x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) * come, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * come, x1 come-s/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) * comedian, x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) * comely, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) * comes, x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) * comeuppance, x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * comfort (feels comfort), x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) * comfort (that which causes comfort), x2 of: x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2; x2 is a comfort to x1 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) * comfortable, x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) * comic, x1 is funny/comic-al to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian/comic (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian/comic)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) * comical, x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) * command (something obeyed), x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) * command, x1 issues command-s/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is command-ed to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a command-er; command-ed (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * commanded (a result that is ordered), x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * commanded (receives a command/order), x2 of: x1 issues commands/orders to commanded x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * commander (issuer of commands), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * commander (person in-charge), x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) * commands, x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) * commences, x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) * comment, x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) * comments (makes remarks), x3 of: x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) * commercial, x1, x2 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) * commingling, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * commits (promises), x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) * commits aggression, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * committee (steering committee), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * committee, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni % committing aggression (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * commodity (something sold), x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/commodity, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * commodity (something traded), x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/commodity, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) * commodity (commodity with a price), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodity, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) * common (instantiated/exemplified common property), x2 of: x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) * common (ordinary), x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) * common (property common to a group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * common (property common/universal to a set), x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) /:/ /=/ kampu (kau) % common (very ignoble), x1 is common/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolno'i % common (vulgar/ignoble), x1 is common/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalno'i * common (common locus, juncture), x3 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) % commoner, x1 is a commoner/non-elite/low-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre * commonly, x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) * communicate (use of a language), x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also tongue] /=/ bangu (ban bau) * communication (communication system with node/station), x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana * communism, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) * community (mass of organisms), x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) * community (community ashamed before), x2 of: x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) * community (community establishing ritual), x3 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * community (community governed by law), x3 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) * community (community governed by rule, x3 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) * community (community managing park), x2 of: x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka * community (community privy to public resource), x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) * community (community recognizing celebrity/fame), x2 of: x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) * community (community served by army), x2 of: x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) /:/ /=/ jenmi (jem jei) * community (community tending garden/field), x2 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) * companion, x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) * company, x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * compare, x1 [observer] compare-s x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining compare-ison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) * compares (observer who compares), x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) * comparison (order of comparison for sequence), x2 of: x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) * comparison (result of comparing), x5 of: x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) * compartment (sliding compartment), x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) * compatible, x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) * compel, x1 [force] (ka) forces/compel-s event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) * compels, x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) * compensates, x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) * compete, x1 compete-s/vies with opponent x2 in contest/compete-ition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), compete-itor(s), rival(s); x3 compete-ition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * competent, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) * competes, x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * competition (contest), x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * competition (competition won), x4 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) * competitively (play competitively), x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) * competitor (those who compete), x1 and x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * competitors (competitors who lose), x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) * complains, x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) * complete (finished), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) * complete (whole, of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * completed, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * completely filled, x1 is full/completely filled with x2 /:/ /=/ culno (clu) * completely, x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) * completes, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * complex, x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) * complexity (complexity having structure), x2 of: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) * complicated, x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) * component (part/piece), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) * component (component of a mixture), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * component (component of a salad), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/component-s including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ salta * component (component of a sauce), x3 of: x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso * component (component of a soup), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu * component (component of plastic/polymer), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) * components (components of a mass), x2 of: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) * components (components used to make something), x3 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * components, x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components/elements x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) * composed music, x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) * composes (creates/invents), x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) * composite (composed of layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) * compound predicate word, x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) * comprehend, x1 understands/comprehend-s fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) * comprehends, x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) * comprehensively (of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * comprise (members, of a group), x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * comprised of (of a group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * comprising, x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) * computer, x1 is a computer for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ skami (sam) * computes (calculates), x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) * computes (computer), x1 computes for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ skami (sam) * concave (of a dish), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * concave (of a hollow place), x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * concavity, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) * concealing (of a cover), x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) * conceals, x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) * concentrated, x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) * concept (assigned meaning of an affix/combining-form), x2 of: x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) * concept (existing in the imagination), x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) * concept (idea), x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) * concept (concept thought about), x2 of: x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) * conceptual (conceptual shape/form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * concern (matter which pertains to someone), x1 is an affair/matter/concern/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) * concerns, x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * concluding (effect of logic), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) * conclusion (conclusion of antecedent), x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * concord (in concord), x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) * concordant, x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) * concrete (concrete example of a concept), x2 of: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) * concurrent, x1 or x2 of: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) * condemns, x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) * condensate, x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) * condense, x1 condense-s/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condense-ate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) * condenses, x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) * condiment, x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi * condition (material condition), x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) * condition (medical condition), x3 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita * condition (medical condition, something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for condition x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) * condition (necessary condition), x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) * condition (situation), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini * condition (condition in which companions are accompanying), x3 of: x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) * condition (condition permitted), x2 of: x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a condition (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * condition (condition stubbornly resisted/opposed), x2 of: x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu % conditions, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * conducive, x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) * conduct, x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * conductor (electrical conductor), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) * conductor (conductor of an orchestra/band), x3 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * conducts (behaves), x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) * conducts (guides), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * conducts (manages), x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) * cone, x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 /:/ [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)] /=/ konju (kon ko'u) * cone, x1 is a cone-ifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cone-s x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) * cones (of conifer), x3 of: x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) * confidential, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * confined (of a prisoner), x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) * confined (privy/restricted), x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) * confined (confined to specific locus), x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) * confinement (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) * confiscates (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * confiscates (takes/seizes), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscates, appropriates]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * confused (complicated), x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) * confuses (event affecting an observer), x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) * confuses (gets perplexed, of an observer), x2 of: x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ [also x2 confuses x1] /=/ cfipu (fi'u) * confusing, x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) * congruent (equal), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) * congruent (parallelling), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * conifer, x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) * conjectures, x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi * conjunction (logical), x1 is a logical conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) * connection (network connection), x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) * connects (fastens), x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * connects (of a route), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) * connects to (is joined to), x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) * connotation (derogative connotation), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) * connotation (favorable/amelorative connotation), x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) * connotation (implied/suggested meaning), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) * conscience, x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * conscious (awake), (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) * conscious (aware/discerning of), x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) * consciousness, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) * consequence, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/consequence of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * consequence, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/consequence/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * consideration (requires consideration), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) * considers, x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) * consistent, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * constant, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) * constrain (constrain within limits), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) * constrained, x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * constrains (of a force), x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) * constrains (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta * constrains (restrains), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * constraints (constraints on a ritual), x4 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) * consul, x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) * consumer (purchaser at a price), x3 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) * consumes (eats), x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 /:/ /=/ citka (cti) * consumes (uses up, of an event), x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) * contact (as a basis for friction), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * contact (in contact with), x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * contain, x1 contain-s/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel contain-ing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, contain-er; contain-ment need not be total; x2 is [contain-ed] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * contained, x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * container (book as container of a work), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * container (closable container), x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) * container (deep container), x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) * container (empty container), x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow /:/ [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) * container (flat container), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * container (general term: vessel), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * container (housing for a drawer), x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) * container (sealed container), x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * container (shallow container), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * container (storage container), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * container (wide-topped container), x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu * container (container drank out of), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) * containing (book containing), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * containing (bundle containing), x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) * containing (container containing), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * containing (cup containing), x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri * containment (container), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * containment (encirclement), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * containment (total containment), x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total)) /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) * containment (containment for a store/supply), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) * contaminant (clean of contaminant), x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) * contaminant (contaminant removed by washing), x2 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) * contends (contends against), x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * content (content of a book), x2 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * content (content of a letter), x4 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) * content (content of a message), x2 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) * content (content of a periodical), x2 of: x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni * contents (contents of a basket), x2 of: x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 /:/ /=/ lanka * contents (contents of a box), x2 of: x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) * contents (contents of a bucket), x2 of: x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu * contents (contents of a can), x2 of: x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante * contents (contents of a container), x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * contents (contents of a cup), x2 of: x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri * contents (contents of a drawer/file), x3 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) * contents (contents of a pan), x2 of: x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * contents (contents of a pot), x2 of: x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) * contents (contents of a sack), x2 of: x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli * contents (contents of a tray), x2 of: x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne * contents (contents of an oven), x2 of: x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) * contest, x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) * context (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) * contiguous, x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * continue, x1 (event/state) continue-s/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continue-ous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) * continue, x1 ranges/extends/continue-s/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * continues, x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) * continues, x1 ranges/extends/continues/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * continuing (continuing after a pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * continuing (continuing after starting before), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * continuous (continuous over interval), x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) * continuum (having layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) * contraction (periodic contraction, as a tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion/contraction] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru * contracts, x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika * contradicts, x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) * contrary (ironical), x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ ranxi (rax) * contrary (polar opposite), x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) * contrasts, x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) * control (brain as metaphor for menatl control), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) * control (has control over/manages/harnesses), x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. gidva - which does not necessarily control or command) /=/ jitro (tro) * control (has control/mastery/power), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) * control (neuron as metaphor for control network), x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) * controlled (harnessed/managed), x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) * controlled (of an apparatus), x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) * controlled (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) * controlled falling, x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) * controller (of an apparatus), x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by controller x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) * controller (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by controller x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) * controlling (muscle controlling), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) * convection, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * convention (theme of a movie), x2: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * convention (theme of a play), x2: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci * convention (theme of a poem), x2: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) * convention (theme of a story), x2: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * convention (theme of a work of fiction), x2: x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) * convention (theme of prose), x2: x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) * convention (convention governing marriage), x3 of: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) * convention (convention governing mathematical expression), x2 of: x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) % conversation, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * converse (discuss), x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) * converse (talk with others), x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) * conversion (conversion from fractions to decimal notation), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu * converts (becomes), x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * converts (modifies), x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [agentive, resultative change] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * convexity, x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) * conviction (has conviction), x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) * convinced, x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) * cook, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) * cooked (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) * cooks, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) * cool, x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 /:/ /=/ lenku (lek) * cooperative, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * coordinates, x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 /:/ /=/ judri * coparent, x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * copper (in brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu * copper, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) * coppery, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: coppery, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) * copulate, x1 copulate-s/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) * copulates, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) * copy, x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) * coral, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje * cord, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) * cordage, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) * cords (tangled cords), x2 of: x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) * cork, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] /:/ /=/ korka (kok) * corkscrew (sound clue not identical in meaning), (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) * corn, x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ zumri (zmu) * corn, x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) * corner (planar angle), x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * corner (solid angle), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) * corporal (of a body/corpus), x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) * corporation, x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * corporeal, x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) * corpse, x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) * corpus, x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) * correct (proper), x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) * correct (punish), x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) * correspondence (letter), x1 is a letter/missive/[note]/correspondence to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a correspondence may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) * correspondence (parallelism), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * correspondence (sound correspondence), x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * corresponds, x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) * corridor, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * cosmos, x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) * cost (amount exchanged in sale transaction), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction) /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * cost (amount in cents/minor money units), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) * cost (amount in dollars/pounds/major money units), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) * cost (price set by seller), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost') /=/ jdima (di'a) % cost, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * costly, x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erkargu for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ kargu * cotton, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material] /:/ /=/ mapni * couch, x1 is a sofa/couch [noun] /:/ /=/ sfofa (sfo) * cough, x1 cough-s/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke * coughs, x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke * count (quantity on scale), x1 is a quantity/count quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ /=/ klani (lai) * count (value result of counting), x3 of: x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac)