!% Fields: english/=/lojban * +, x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 +/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) * -est, x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3--est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) * .001, x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ milti (mil) * .01, x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ centi (cen) * .1, .1 is a tenth .1.10;.1.10**.1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ decti (dec) * 0-dimensional (of a point/instant), x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) * 1-dimensional (of a line), x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) * 1E-12, x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ picti (pic) * 1E-15, x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ femti (fem) * 1E-18, x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xatsi (xat) * 1E-21, x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ zepti (zep) * 1E-24, x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gocti (goc) * 1E-6, x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ mikri (mik) * 1E-9, x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) * 1E12, x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ terto (tet) * 1E15, x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ petso (pet) * 1E18, x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xexso (xex) * 1E21, x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ zetro (zet) * 1E24, x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gotro (got) * 1E6, x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ megdo (meg) * 1E9, x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) * 2-dimensional (of a card), x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda * 2-dimensional (of a disk/circle), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) * 2-dimensional (of a plane), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) * 2-dimensional (of a sheet), x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) * 2-dimensional (of an angle), x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * 3-dimensional (of a block), x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * 3-dimensional (of a board), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) * 3-dimensional (of a corner/solid angle), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) * 3-dimensional (of a space/volume), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) * 3-dimensional (of a tile), x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-3-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla * abdomen, x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) * abides (resides), x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) * abides (stays at), x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) * abides (survives), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) * able, x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) * abode, x2 of: x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) * about, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object); x1 feels terror about x2 /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) % about, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu * above (basis for downwardness), x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) * above (directly above), x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) * above (of a roof/ceiling/lid), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi /=/ drudi (rud dru) * above (relatively high), x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) * abrade, x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrade-s x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * abrades, x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * abrasive (sand/grit), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ [also abrasive (= gukcanre)] /=/ canre (can) * abrasive (scraping), x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * abrasive (scratching), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) * abrupt, x1 (event/state) is abrupt/sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) * absent (represented), x2 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * absolute (absolute fact), x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) * absorbant, x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) * absorbs, x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) * abstract, x1 (si'o) is abstract-ed/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) * abstracted, x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) * abstraction, x2 of: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) * academy, x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * accent (emphasis given), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna * accentuates, x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna * accept, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accept-s x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) * acceptable, x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) * accepted (accepted meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) * accepts, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) * access (closed access), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) * access (open access), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) * access (portal), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) * access (street/corridor), x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * accessing (of a street/corridor), x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * accident, x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident /:/ /=/ snuti (nut) * accidental, x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident; x1 is accidental /:/ /=/ snuti (nut) * accidental, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * accidentally (accidentally broken), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * accommodates (capable of containing), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) * accompanies (with), x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) * accompaniment, x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu * accompany, x1 is with/accompany-ies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) * accomplish, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplish-es x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * accomplishes, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * account, x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) * accountable, x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) * accruing (of profit/gain), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * accuracy (accuracy of a measurement), x5 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) * achieve (with assistance), x2 of: x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) * achieves, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * acid, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ slami * acidic, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ slami * acquire, x1 gets/procures/acquire-s/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) * acquire, x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes]/acquire-s x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * acquires, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) * acre, x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu * acrid, x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki * across (beyond a boundary), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * across (extending across a range), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * across (opposite, directly across a gap), x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * across (spanning a gap), x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) * act, x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking act-tion x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also act-ing at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) * acting (acting at, with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) % actions (constituting an event of trying), x4 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi * actions (kind actions), x2 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 /:/ /=/ xendo (xed xe'o) * actions (actions comprising an attempt), x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) * active (active ingredient in a paint), x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta % activity (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a * actors, x5 of: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci * actual (real), x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) * actuality, x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) * actuator (actuator of a percussion instrument), x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri * actuator (actuator of a stringed instrument), x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) * add, x1 add-s/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * address, x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 /:/ /=/ judri * adds, x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * adherents (adherents of a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * adheres, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) * adhering surface, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) * adhesive, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) * adjacent, x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * adjust, x1 (event) adjust-s/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, agentive change] /=/ stika (tik) * adjusts, x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, agentive change] /=/ stika (tik) * adjutant, x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * admiral, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) * adorn, x1 (object) adorn-s/decorates x2; x1 is an adorn-ment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) * adornment, x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) * adorns, x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) * adult, x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) * advantage, x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * adventitious, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * adversary, x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi * adversity, x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) * advises, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) * aesthetic, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) * affair (organized activity), x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) * affair (something attended to), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * affair (affair with representation), x3 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in affair(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * affectionate (feels affectionate), x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) * affirms, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * affix compound (contrasted with 'phrase compound' = tanru), x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) * affix, x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) * affix, x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) * afflicted (diseased), x1 is ill/sick/diseased/afflicted with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) * afflicts (of a trouble or disturbance), x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) * afraid, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) * African, x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ friko (fi'o) * after (in time), x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * after (physically), x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * after (sequentially), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * after (after movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * afterwards, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) * again, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * against (adjacent to), x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * against (argues against a stand/position), x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * against (contends/balances against opponents), x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * against (hears against background), x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) * against (insure against peril/loss), x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * against (restrained against action), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * against (rolls against surface), x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * against (supports against opposing force), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * against (takes revenge against), x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * against (tax levied against person), x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * against (vaccine against disease), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku * against (weapon for use against opponent/victim), x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * against (against opponent in a war), x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) * against (rigid against force), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa * age (duration of interval), x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) * age (length of familiarity/association with one), x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) * age (age of boy), x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla * age (age of child), x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) * age (age of girl), x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) * age, x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra * age, x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) * agent (representive/proxy), x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * agent (agent controlling/triggering apparatus), x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) * agent (agent of movement - pushing), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) * agent (agent of movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agent-ive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. preja for similar movement with no agent implied) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * agent (agent of success), x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) * agent (agent used/employed by another), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) * agent (agent-ive cause), x1 [person/agent] is an agent-ive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) * agent of authority (of police), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji * agent, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * aggregate, x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) % aggression (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * aggression (commits aggression), x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) % aggressor (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) aggressor/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an aggressor /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * aggressor, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an aggressor /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * agitates, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla * agrarian, x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) * agree, x1 [person] agree-s with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) * agreement (basis for an obligation), x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) * agreement (in agreement, harmonious), x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) * agrees, x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) * ahead, x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) * aid, x1 helps/assists/aid-s object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) * aid, x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aid-s; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * aids, x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) * aids, x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) * ailment (something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) * air mass, x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) * air pollution, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) * air, x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) * air, x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) % air, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli * air, x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) % air, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli * air-reed, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani * aircraft, x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * airplane, x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) * ajar, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) * akin, kin, x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) * akin, x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) * alarm, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) * albumin, x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi * alcohol, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 /:/ /=/ xalka (xal) * ale, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje * alert, (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) * Algerian, x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jerxo (jex) * alien, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) * alien, x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ fange * alienation (carried with alienation from origin x3), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * alienation (move with alienation from origin x3), x1 (object) moves to/towards destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * alienation (possible alienation in transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) * alienation (removal), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * alienation (seizure), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * alike (parallel, differing only in property), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * alike (similar), x1 is similar/alike/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) * alike (similar, having common property), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) * alive, x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) * alkali metal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna * alkali, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline] /=/ jilka (jil) * alkaline, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline] /=/ jilka (jil) * Allah, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) * alley, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * alliterates, x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) * allocated, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * allotted, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * allowing (authorizing, of a passport), x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) * allowing (of a net/filter), x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) * allows, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits/allows a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) * alloy (brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu * alloy, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze [alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ ransu * alluring (of a lure/temptation), x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) * alluring (of something attractive), x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) * alms, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * alone, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * along (accompanying), x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) * along (of sites accessed by a street/corridor), x3 of: x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * aloof, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * alot, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, alot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) * aloud, x1 utters verbally/says aloud/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) * alpaca, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte * alphabet, x2 of: x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * alphabetic, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) * alter, x1 (event) modifies/alter-s/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [agentive, resultative change] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * alternation (logical alternation), x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true /:/ /=/ vlina * alternatives (choices), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) * alters, x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [agentive, resultative change] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) * ambassador, x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) * ambience, x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) * ambient (conditions for seeing; e.g ambient light), x3 of: x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) * ambient (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) % ambient, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * ameliorative, x1 is a ameliorative/favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) * American (Hispanic-American), x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) * American (North American), x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bemro (bem be'o) * American (South American), x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) * American (USA), x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ merko (mer) * amid, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) * amidst, x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) * amino acids (sequence in protein), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi * ammonia, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous] /=/ trano * amoeba, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) * amongst, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) * amount (beyond in amount), x4 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * amount (cost of a purchase), x4 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) * amount (data for averaging), x2 of: x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) * amount (price set by vendor/offeror), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) * amount (amount less than), x3 of: x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 /:/ [also negative (= nonme'a)] /=/ mleca (mec me'a) * amount (amount more than, excess), x3 of: x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) * amount (amount of adjustment), x3 of: x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, agentive change] /=/ stika (tik) * amount (amount of augmentation), x3 of: x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * amount (amount of decrease), x3 of: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika * amount (amount of increase), x3 of: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) * amount (amount of variance), x3 of: x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change] /=/ cenba (cne) % amount, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u * ampere, x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xampo (xap xa'o) * amphibian, x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ banfi * amused, x2 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) * amusement, x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) * amuses, x1 or x3 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) * amusing, x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) * anal, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * analogy (congruence in one or more among many properties), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) * analyze, x1 analyze-s/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) * analyzes, x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) * ancestor, x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) * ancient, x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) * angle (2-dimensional), x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * angle (3 or more dimensional, corner angle), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) * angle (slope angle), x2 of: x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * angle, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) * angled (right-angled), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) * angled, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant/angled with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * angora, x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba * angry, x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) /:/ /=/ fengu (feg fe'u) * anguish, x1 is anguish-ed/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) * anguished, x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) * angular, x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) * angular, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) * animal (biologically animate), x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) * animal (invertebrate animal), x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) * animal (mammal), x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 /:/ /=/ mabru (mab) * animal (source of meat), x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 /:/ /=/ rectu (rec re'u) * animal (source of non-linguistic utterance), x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * animal (species classification of animal), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) * animal (animal making speech sound), x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of animal x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) * animate (biological), x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) * animation, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) * anniversary, x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi * annoy, x1 (event) annoy-s/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) * annoys, x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) * annual (pertaining to a year), x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) * annulus, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * another (do to one another), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) * another (another time, another occurance), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) * answer (response to stimulus/event), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * answer (answer to a problem), x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) * answers (reacts), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * answers (responds/replies), x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) * ant, x1 is an ant of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ manti * Antarctican, x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dzipo (zip zi'o) * antecedent (antecedent of a result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[causes] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * anterior, x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) * anthracite, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) * anus, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * anxious, x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ xanka * aorist (aorist simultaneity), x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) * apart, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) * ape, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani * aperture (covered by a curtain), x2 of: x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) * apex, x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) * apparatus (aural sensory apparatus), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) * apparatus (general term), x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. ganzu for organizational apparatus) /=/ cabra (ca'a) * apparatus (machine, automated apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) * apparatus (pumping apparatus), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe * apparatus (respiratory apparatus), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri * apparatus (visual sensory apparatus), x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) * apparatus (apparatus operated), x2 of: x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) * apparatus (apparatus used for purpose), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) * apparent (lucid/clear), x2 of: x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) * apparent motion, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * appeals, x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) * appears (of color), x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) * appears (seems), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) * appears (appears like), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) * appendage (arm, branch with strength), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) * appendage (limb), x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) * appendage (supporting appendage, leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting appendage] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) * appendage (trailing appendage, tail), x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) * appendix, x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) * apple, x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ plise * application (art, creative application), x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) * applied (of ink, with a pen), x2 of: x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 /:/ /=/ penbi (peb) * applied (of polish), x3 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali * applies (applies force), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) * applies (applies lifting force), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) * applying (of a pencil/crayon with marking material), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) * apportioned, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) * appreciation (state generating worth), x4 of: x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) * appreciative (grateful), x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) /:/ [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)] /=/ ckire (kir) * apprehends (catches), x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) * apprentice, x1 is a parent of/raises apprentice/daughter x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege/apprentice x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * approach (method), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji * appropriate (fitting), x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) * appropriates (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * appropriates (takes/confiscates), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscates, appropriates]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) * approve, x1 approve-s of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) * approves, x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) * approximates (is near to), x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ jibni (jbi) * aptitude, x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati * aqua-, aqu-, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqua--eous/[aqua--atic] /:/ [aqua--tic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) * aquatic, x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) * aquatic, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] /:/ [aquatic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) * aqueous, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] /:/ [aquatic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) * Arabian camel, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte * Arabian, x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sadjo (djo) * Arabic (pertaining to Arabs as a Semitic people/culture), x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) * Arabic (pertaining to the Arabic-speaking culture), x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xrabo (rab) * arachnid, x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) * Aramaic, x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) * arbitrary, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) * arbitrate (judge an event/condition), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * arbitrates, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) * arc, x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) * arc, x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) * arch, x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) * arches, x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) * archetypical, x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) * arcsine, x1 is the trigonometric sine of arcsine x2 /:/ /=/ sinso * arctangent, x1 is the trigonometric tangent of arctangent x2 /:/ /=/ tanjo * area (extent), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) * area (gathered from), x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) * area (metropolitan), x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) * area (rural), x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) * area (served by temple/church), x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) * area (suburban), x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu * area (units), x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu * area, x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) * argent, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argent-um (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) * Argentinian, x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ gento (get ge'o) * argentum, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) * argon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni * argue, x1 argue-s for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * argues, x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) * argument (something not taken sides on), x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 argument/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) * argument (argument of predicate/function), x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) /:/ (x1 and x2 are text) /=/ sumti (sum su'i) * argument roles (argument roles of Lojban root - gismu), x3 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) * arguments (arguments of a compound predicate word - lujvo), x3 of: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) * arguments (arguments of predication), x3 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) * arid, x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid /:/ /=/ sudga (sud) * arises, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 arises from x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) * arises, x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 arises from x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) * aristocratic, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) * arm (body part), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) * arm (garment), x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) * arm (lever), x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 /:/ /=/ vraga (vra) * arm (weapon), x1 is a weapon/arm-s for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * arms, x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) * army, x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) /:/ /=/ jenmi (jem jei) * army, x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) * army, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) * around (arches/curves around), x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) * around (detours around), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * around (encircles around), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * around (movement around axis), x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * around (planet revolving around sun), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini * around (ring/collar around), x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * around (shell around), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) * arranged (of forms in a pattern), x2 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) * arrangement (form of a crystal), x3 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ krili * arrangement (plan), x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) * arrangement (structure/organization), x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) * arrival (prompting a greeting), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa * arrives (prompting a greeting), x2 of: x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to x2 [, who arrives, ] in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa * arse, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * arsehole, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * art, x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) * arthropod (blood-sucking/parasitic arthropod), x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) * arthropod (insect), x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki * arthropod (non-insect arthropod), x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) * article, x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) * artifact, x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) * artificial, x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) * artist, x3 of: x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) * artistic (pertaining to arts and crafts), x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) * arts, x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) * as much as, x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) * ashamed, x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) * Asiatic, x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xazdo (xaz zdo) * asks, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * asks, x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) * aslant, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) * asleep, x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) * aspartame (sugar-like substance), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) * aspects (properties controlled/managed within an event), x2 of: x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) * asphalt, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 /:/ /=/ tarla * ass, x1 is a donkey/jack-ass of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xasli * ass, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * ass, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * assembled (science assembled of a mass of facts), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) * assembled, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * assembles, x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) * assembly line, x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) * assert, x1 (agent) assert-s/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * asserts, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * assets, x2 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * asshole (body part), x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * asshole/arsehole, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) * assignable predicate variable, 1st assignable predicate variable (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ broda (rod) * assignable predicate variable, 2nd assignable predicate variable (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) * assignable predicate variable, 3rd assignable predicate variable (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodi * assignable predicate variable, 4th assignable predicate variable (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodo * assignable predicate variable, 5th assignable predicate variable (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodu * assistant, x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) * assists, x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) * associated (related by specific relationship) , x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) * associated (related/germane/relevant), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) * associated (specifically associated with), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * association, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) * assorted, x1 (set/mass/individual) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ vrici * assume, x1 assume-s/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) * assumed (of a belief), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) * assumes (borrow temporarily), x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrows/assumes a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) * assumes (supposes), x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) * assumes (assumes a sitting position), x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) * assures, x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) * astronomical twilight, x1 is the [astronomical twilight] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse * at ease, x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) * at night, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow at night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last at night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) * at peace, x1 is at peace with x2 /:/ /=/ panpi (pap) * at rest, x1 is idle/at rest/inactive /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) * at, x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) * atmosphere (air), x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) * atmosphere (sea, large partially or fully enclosing layer of a planet), x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) * atmosphere (something x1 burns in), x3 of: x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) % atmosphere, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli % atmosphere, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli * atoll, x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) * atom, x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) * atom, x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) * atomic number, x2 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) * atomic weight, x3 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) * atop, x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana * attached (become physically attached), x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * attached (joined at locus), x1 or x2 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) * attached (of a phone/modem to a network), x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) * attached (of a shelf/counter), x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna * attaches (agentive), x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * attaching (of a joint - body part), x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) * attack, x1 (person/mass) attack-s/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) % attacker (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacker/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an attacker /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * attacker, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an attacker /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) % attacking (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * attacks, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) * attain (something attempted), x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) % attainment (goal of an event of trying), x3 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do attainment x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi % attempt (an event of trying), x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi * attempt (attempt which succeeds), x3 of: x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) % attempting (an event of trying), x2 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi * attempts (attempts to stimulate), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempts to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) * attempts (attempts to warn), x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); attempts to warn but may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) * attempts, x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) * attend, x1 is attentive towards/attend-s/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * attending (present at), x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) * attends (pays attention), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * attends (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) * attention (pays attention), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * attentive, x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) * atto- (metric prefix); x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xatsi (xat) * attract, x1 attract-s/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) * attraction (to a gender), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) * attracts, x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) * atypical (of an event deserving reward), x3 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) * atypical (rare), x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci * audacity, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi * audible, x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) * audience (intended audience for a book), x4 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * audience (intended audience for learning at a school), x4 of: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) * augment, x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augment-ed in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) * augment, x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augment-s x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * augmented, x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) * augments, x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) * august, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) * aunt, x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti * aural (pertaining to something heard), x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) * aural (pertaining to the ear), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) * aural, x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) * Australian, x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sralo * author (author of book), x3 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) * author (author of fiction), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) * author (author of letter), x3 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) * author (author of message), x3 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) * author (author of poem), x3 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) * author (author of prose), x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) * author (author/stroyteller of a story), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) * authority (epistemological authority), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) * authority (official, has authority over), x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) * authority (police officer, as an agent of authority), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji * authority (authority granting charter to a corporation), x2 of: x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) * authority (authority issuing passport), x3 of: x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) * authority (authority levying tax), x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) * authority (authority to which x1 is accountable), x3 of: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) * authors (invents/creates), x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) * automated (of machine/apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) * automatic (not manual), x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ zmiku (zmi) * automatic (of machine/apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automatic apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) * automatically (of a machine), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) * automobile, x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce * autumn, x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu * available, x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) * avenge, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) * avenue, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) * average, x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) * avian, x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 /:/ /=/ cipni (cpi) * avoid, x1 avoid-s/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * avoiding work/effort (lazy), x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 /:/ /=/ lazni * avoids, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * avuncular, x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti * awaits, x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * awake, (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) * aware, x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) * away (avoids), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) * away (depth distance), x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ condi (con cno coi) * away (depth distance), x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ caxno (cax) * away (goes), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * away (moves away), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) * away (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) * away (vanishes), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci * awe, x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 /:/ /=/ manci (mac) * awesome, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) * awkward, x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 /:/ /=/ juxre (jux) * axis, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * axis, x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) * axle, x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 /:/ /=/ pulni * axle, x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) * axle, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) * baa, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * baboon, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani * baby, x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 /:/ [also infantile] /=/ cifnu (cif) * back (held back), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * back (moves back), x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) * back (posterior/behind), x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * back and forth, x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) * back and forth, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) * background (background heard against), x3 of:x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) * background (background of color), x4 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) * background (background of seeing) x3 of:, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) % background, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a * bacon, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * bacteria, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) * bactrian, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte * bad (morally), x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) * bad, x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) * baffle (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) * baffled (fails, various meanings associated with failure), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) * baffles (confuses), x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) * baffles (disrupts/hinders), x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) * baffles (problem/event producing failure), x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffles (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) * bag, x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli % baggy, x1 is a loose, baggy, bloused shirt /=/ luzycreka * Bahasa (Malay-Indonesian word for 'language'), x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ baxso * bake, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) * baked (of ceramic/clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) * baking (purpose of an oven), x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) * balance, x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ lanxe (lax) * balances (opposes), x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) * balcony, x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni * ball, x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) * ballistic, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) * balls, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti * banal, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) * banana, x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna * band (ring form), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * band (ring/belt), x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * band (strip), x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) * band (surrounding), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * band (team), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) * Bangladesh, x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bengo (beg) * bank, x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) * banking function, x3 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) * banking system, x2 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) * banner, x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci * bar (shelf), x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna * bar (supporting rail), x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) * bar (tavern), x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja * bare, x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) * bark, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] /:/ /=/ korka (kok) * bark, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) * barley, x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ bavmi * barrel, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu * barrier (barrier to penetration), x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) * barters, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) * basal, x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * base (alkali), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline] /=/ jilka (jil) * base (bottom), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the base/bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on base x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be base-s/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * base (numerical), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu * base (of metal, tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: base or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci * base (paint), x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta * base (support), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) * base (base of exponential), x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) * base (base of fork), x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) * base (base of logarithm), x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3 /:/ /=/ dugri (dug) * base (base of table), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) * base elevation, x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) * base metal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci * baseline (basis for being high), x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) * baseline (basis for being low), x3 of: x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) * basic (of a base, foundation, or underlying principle), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * basic (basic subunit, indivisible), x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) * basin, x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) * basis (grounds for an opinion), x4 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on basis x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) * basis (underlying/fundamental principle), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) * basis for authority, x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis for authority x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) * basket, x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 /:/ /=/ lanka * bath, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) * bathe, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) * bathes, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) * bay, x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 /:/ /=/ zbani * bazaar, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) * bead, x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ bidju * beam, x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 /:/ [ray/beam (= nenli'i)] /=/ nejni (nen) * bean (coffee), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) * bean (soya), x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sobde (sob so'e) * bean, x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) * bear, x1 carries/hauls/bear-s/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]/bear-er /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * bear, x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ cribe (rib) * bear, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bear-s/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * bearing (load-bearing structure), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) * bears (carries), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) * bears (gives birth to), x2 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * bears (mothers), x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) * beast, x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 /:/ /=/ mabru (mab) * beat (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) * beat, x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) * beater (beater of a percussion instrument), x2 of: x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri * beats, x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) * beautiful, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) * become (melt, become liquid), x1 melts [become liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) * become (become attached), x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 become attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * become (become filled [up]), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * become (become inoperable), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) * become (become whole/complete), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) * become, x1 become-s/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * become, x1 become/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) * bed, x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta * bed, x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) * bee, x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bifce (bic) * beef, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) * beer, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje * beetle, x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki * before (in front of: ashamed before), x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) * before (in front of: performs before), x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) * before (in time), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) * before (physically), x2 of: x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows before x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) * before (sequentially before), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) * before (state paused before starting/resuming), x2 of: x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) * befriends, x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 /:/ /=/ pendo (ped pe'o) * beg, x1 beg-s/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * begets (of a father), x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * begets (of a procreator), x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * beginning, x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) * begins (of an event), x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) * begs, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * behalf (acts on behalf of), x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) * behave, x1 behave-s/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) * behaves (as a father), x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/behaves paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) * behaves (as a friend), x1 is/behaves as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 /:/ /=/ pendo (ped pe'o) * behaves (as a mother), x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/behaves maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) * behaves (as a parent), x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/behaves parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) * behaves socially, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) * behaves, x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) * behavior (audacious behavior), x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi * behavior (ethical rules of behavior), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) * behavior (kind behavior), x3 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 /:/ /=/ xendo (xed xe'o) * behavior (behavior earning reward/payment), x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna * behavioral, x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) * behind (buttocks), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) * behind (something left behind), x2 of: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) * behind (to/in the rear of), x1 is posterior/behind/back/to the rear of/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) * behold, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/behold-s x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) * beholds (observes, not necessarily visually), x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) * being (human being), x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human /:/ /=/ remna (rem re'a) * being (spiritual being), x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) * being, x1 is a person/people/being (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) * belief (misled belief), x3 of: x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) * belief (something believed), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) * belief (suggest a belief), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) * beliefs (within a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 are tenets/beliefs/rituals/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * believe, x1 believe-s [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) * believers (in a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) * believes, x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) * bell, x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) * bellows (respiratory apparatus), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri * belly, x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) * belonging to (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) * belongs, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) * beloved, x2 of: x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) * below, x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) * belt, x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) * belt, x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli * belt, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) * bench, x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) * bend (crease), x3 of: x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) * bend (curve), x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) * bend (sharp bend, metaphorical), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) * bends over, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * bends, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) * beneath (directly below), x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) * benefactor (someone begged for favor), x2 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * beneficial, x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) * beneficiary (beneficiary of gift), x2 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) * beneficiary (beneficiary of goodness), x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for beneficiary x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) * beneficiary (beneficiary of promise), x2 of: x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) * benefit (insurance benefit), x4 of: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra * benefit (profit/advantage), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) * Bengali, x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bengo (beg) * bent, (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) * berry, x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ jbari (jba) * beseeches, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci * beside, x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) * between (accessway between), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) * between (amidst), x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) * between (bridge between), x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) * between (difference between), x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning); x3 is a difference between x1 and x2] /=/ frica (fic) * between (friction between), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) * between (inserted between), x2 of: x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * between (inserts between), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) * between (interval between), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) * between (knot between/involving), x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) * between (only difference between), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra * between (sandwiched between), x2 of: x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) * between (straight/directly between), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) * beverage (carbonated beverage), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) * beverage (something drunk), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) * beyond (across/beyond , x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) * beyond (exceeds beyond limit), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) * Bible, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) * biblical, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) * big toe, x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) * big, x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 /:/ /=/ barda (bra) * bigger (gets bigger), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) * bill, x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) * billed (recipient of a bill), x3 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) * billed goods, x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for billed goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) * billion, x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) * billionth, x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) * billy-goat, x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba * binary (binary equivalent of fraction), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu * binary metaphor, x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) * binding (restraint), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) * binds, x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[lashes]/binds x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) * biological (biological child of mother), x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; x1 is a biological child of moter x2] /=/ jbena (jbe) * biological (biological offspring), x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) * biological (biological offspring), x2 of: x1 engenders/procreates/begets biological offspring x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * biologically animate, x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) * bird, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci * bird, x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xruki (xuk) * bird, x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 /:/ /=/ cipni (cpi) * bird, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) % birth (event), x1 is a nativity/birth/birth-day, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe * birth (of being born), x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * birth (of womb/uterus), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra % birthday (date of birth), x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday/natal day] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe * birthday (date of birth), x3 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) % birthday (event), x1 is a nativity/birth/birthday, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ x1 is natal (pertaining to birthdays) /=/ nunjbe * birthfather, x1 engenders/birthfather-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) * birthmother, x1 engenders/birthmother-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) % birthplace, x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe * birthplace, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) * bitch, x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gerku (ger ge'u) * bite, x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) * bites, x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) * bitter, x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki * bituminous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) * bizarre, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) * black, x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) * blade (cutting through), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) * blade (knife blade), x3 of: x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakfu (dak) * blade (scraping blade), x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) * blade (blade of grass), x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 /:/ [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)] /=/ srasu (sas) * blade (blade of tool/weapon), x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2 /:/ /=/ balre (ba'e) * bladed (digging implement), x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) * blanket, x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) * blend, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * blends into, x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) * blinds, x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) * bloated (excessively plump), x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/bloated] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana * block, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla * block, x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) * blocks, x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) * blood, x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) * blood-sucking, x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) * bloody, x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) * bloom, x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) * blossom, x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) * blouse, x1 (object) is loose/blouse-d/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kluza (luz) % blouse, x1 is a loose, baggy, blouse-d shirt /=/ luzycreka * blouse, x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) % blouse, x1 is a woman's shirt/blouse /=/ nimcreka * bloused, x1 (object) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kluza (luz) * blow, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * blows (of moving air), x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) * blows up (fills), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) * blue, x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna * blue, x1 is blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ blanu (bla) * boar, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) * board (plank), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) * board of directors, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni * board of trustees, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni * boat, x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) * body, x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) * bogeyman, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) * boil, x1 boil-s/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) * boils, x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) * bold, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi * bolt, x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) * bomb, x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) * bond (ancestral), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) * bond (avuncular), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti * bond (cousins), x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne * bond (fraternal), x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) * bond (investment), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) * bond (sibling), x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) * bond (sororal), x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) * bonded, x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz)